Enterprise-level management, control and information aspects of cloud console

ABSTRACT

A method, computer-readable medium, and system for monitoring usage of computing resources provisioned across multiple cloud providers and/or data centers are disclosed. Events associated with usage of a plurality of computing resources may be accessed, where the plurality of computing resources may implement a virtual machine, a plurality of virtual machines of a cloud computing environment, etc. The events may be associated with a start, a stop, a status change, etc., of the plurality of computing resources. The events may be used to generate usage data for the plurality of computing resources. The usage data may include historical data associated with previous usage of the plurality of computing resources. Additionally, the usage data may be displayed using a graphical user interface, thereby enabling monitoring and/or tracking of usage of computing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/493,733 filed on Sep. 23, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/642,656, filed Dec. 18, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No.8,886,788, which claims the benefit to U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 61/238,617, filed Aug. 31, 2009, all of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to application Ser. No. 12/642,596, filedDec. 18, 2009, and to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/642,635, filed Dec.18, 2009, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Cloud computing typically involves using remote computing resources on apay-per-use basis, where the remote computing resources may be usedalone or in conjunction with internal computing resources of a “datacenter.” For example, processing resources and storage resources of acloud provider, such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Go Grid orRackspace Cloud Servers, can be requested and used on-demand in ascalable fashion. As such, cloud computing can be used for applicationswith varying or unpredictable demand like year-end financials ortax-return preparation. Additionally, computationally-intensiveprocessing, such as Monte Carlo simulations or protein folding, can beperformed using cloud computing resources.

Given the variation among products and services offered by cloudproviders, it is often desirable to setup a project with computingresources sourced from various cloud providers and/or data centers.Additionally, it may be desirable to change the sourcing of thecomputing resources for a project as the products or services offered bya cloud provider or data center are updated. However, each cloudprovider requires a different set of skills and credentials to provision(e.g., to define, make ready for use, setup, etc.), use and managerespective computing resources. Accordingly, it is difficult and timeconsuming to provision, use and manage computing resources acrossmultiple cloud providers and/or data centers.

Additionally, conventional approaches to cloud computing limit sharingof resources between users. For example, most cloud providers limit eachaccount to a single user identifier (e.g., an email address) andrestrict the sharing of resources between multiple accounts. As such, itis typically difficult, insecure, or impossible to share computingresources among multiple users.

It is also difficult to monitor or track the usage of computingresources using conventional approaches to cloud computing. For example,each cloud provider reports back different types or amounts of usagedata, and therefore, monitoring usage of computing resources acrossmultiple cloud providers is difficult. The monitoring of usage data ismade even more difficult where each account is limited to a single userand/or a single project, and therefore, multiple accounts exist toenable multiple users to access computing resources and/or to enablework on multiple projects. Further, Where multiple users share oneaccount to enable sharing of resources between the users, or where asingle account is used for multiple projects, monitoring of usage dataon a per-user basis or per-project basis is impossible since the cloudprovider is unaware of the multiple users and/or multiple projects andonly reports usage data for the single account as a whole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, a need exists to more easily provision, use and managecomputing resources across multiple cloud providers and/or data centers.A need also exists to share cloud computing resources among multipleusers. Additionally, a need exists to monitor and/or track the usage ofcloud computing resources across multiple cloud providers and/or datacenters. Further, a need exists to monitor and/or track the usage ofcloud computing resources on a per-user basis and/or a per-projectbasis. Embodiments of the present invention provide novel solutions tothese needs and others as described below.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method,computer-readable medium, and system for monitoring usage of computingresources provisioned across multiple cloud providers and/or datacenters. In one embodiment, events associated with usage of a pluralityof computing resources may be accessed, where the plurality of computingresources may implement a virtual machine, a plurality or virtualmachines or a cloud computing environment, etc. The events may beassociated with a start, a stop, a status change, etc., of the pluralityof computing resources. The events may be used to generate usage data(e.g., the operational cost, usage time, etc.) for the plurality ofcomputing resources. The usage data may include historical dataassociated with previous usage of the plurality of computing resources(e.g., usage for previous days, weeks, months, years, etc.).Additionally, the usage data may be displayed using a graphical userinterface, thereby enabling monitoring and/or tracking of usage ofcomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center.

Usage of the provisioned computing resources may be monitored and/ortracked by user and/or by group of computing resources (e.g., one ormore projects, one or more environments, one or more virtual machines,some combination thereof, etc.). For example, information may beaccessed which identifies a user and/or group of computing resourcesassociated with each event. The information may be accessed from acomponent used to provide access to the computing resources, from acloud provider, from a data center, some combination thereof, etc. Inthis manner, the usage data may be organized into respective portionscorresponding to each user and/or group of computing resources, therebyenabling monitoring and/or tracking by user and/or by group of computingresources (e.g., across one or more projects, environments, virtualmachines, etc.) of the usage of a plurality of computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter.

In one embodiment, a method of monitoring usage of computing resourcesincludes accessing a first plurality of events associated with a usageof a plurality of computing resources, wherein the plurality ofcomputing resources are provisioned across a plurality of cloudproviders, and wherein the plurality of computing resources areassociated with a cloud computing environment. Usage data is generated,based on the first plurality of events, for the first plurality ofcomputing resources. The method also includes displaying, using agraphical user interface, the usage data.

In another embodiment, a computer-readable medium havingcomputer-readable program code embodied therein is capable of causing acomputer system to perform a method of monitoring usage of computingresources. In yet another embodiment, a system including a processor anda memory, wherein the memory includes instructions that when executed bythe system implement a method of monitoring usage of computingresources.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by wayof limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in whichlike reference numerals refer to similar elements.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system for creating, using and managing acloud computing environment in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary cloud computing environment in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an exemplary process for creating, using andmanaging a cloud computing environment in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary provisioning component for provisioning aplurality of computing resources across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forselecting a cloud computing environment to create or modify inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forselecting a cloud computing environment to create or modify inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a first portion of an exemplary on-screen graphical userinterface for configuring a cloud computing environment in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8A shows a second portion of an exemplary on-screen graphical userinterface for configuring a cloud computing environment in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8B shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface whichincludes a graphical representation of an environment for configuring acloud computing environment in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 shows a third portion of an exemplary on-screen graphical userinterface for configuring a cloud computing environment in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forconfiguring options associated with a cloud computing environment inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a first portion of an exemplary on-screen graphical userinterface for reviewing a configuration of and initiating automatedprovisioning of a cloud computing environment in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a second portion of an exemplary on-screen graphical userinterface for reviewing a configuration of and initiating automatedprovisioning of a cloud computing environment in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forassociating a user with a cloud computing environment in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forconfiguring access rights associated with a user profile in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of an exemplary process for provisioning aplurality of computing resources across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 16 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forsubmitting authentication data in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 17 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forenabling a user to select a project in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 18 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forenabling a user to select provisioned computing resources for access inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forenabling a user to access provisioned computing resources associatedwith an environment in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 20 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface fordisplaying information about provisioned computing resources associatedwith an environment in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 21 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forenabling a user to access provisioned computing resources associatedwith a portion of an environment in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 22 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface fordisplaying information about provisioned computing resources associatedwith a portion of an environment in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 23A shows a first portion of a flowchart of an exemplary processfor providing access to a plurality of computing resources across atleast one cloud provider and/or at least one data center in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23B shows a second portion of a flowchart of an exemplary processfor providing access to a plurality of computing resources across atleast one cloud provider and/or at least one data center in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 shows an exemplary usage monitoring component in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25A shows an exemplary usage information database in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25B shows an exemplary timeline which includes events used toupdate a usage information database in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 26 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forpresenting usage data monitored and/or tracked by user in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forpresenting usage data monitored and/or tracked by group of computingresources in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forpresenting usage data for a particular group of computing resources inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forpresenting a notification in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 30A shows an exemplary usage information database with historicaldata in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30B shows an exemplary timeline which includes events used togenerate the historical data in a usage information database inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 shows an exemplary on-screen graphical user interface forpresenting usage data including historical data in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 shows a flowchart of an exemplary process for monitoring usageof a plurality of computing resources provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 shows an exemplary general purpose computer system platform uponwhich embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the presentinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. While the present invention will be discussed in conjunctionwith the following embodiments, it will be understood that they are notintended to limit the present invention to these embodiments alone. Onthe contrary, the present invention is intended to cover alternatives,modifications, and equivalents which may be included with the spirit andscope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the presentinvention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide athorough understanding of the present invention. However, embodiments ofthe present invention may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, andcircuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarilyobscure aspects of the present invention.

NOTATION AND NOMENCLATURE

Some regions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented interms of procedures, logic blocks, processing and other symbolicrepresentations of operations on data bits within a computer memory.These descriptions and representations are the means used by thoseskilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey thesubstance of their work to others skilled in the art. In the presentapplication, a procedure, logic block, process, or the like, isconceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructionsleading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physicalmanipulations of physical quantities. Usually, although not necessarily,these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capableof being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwisemanipulated in a computer system.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the followingdiscussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present invention,discussions utilizing the terms such as “aborting,” “accepting,”“accessing,” “adding,” “adjusting,” “allocating,” “analyzing,”“applying,” “assembling,” “assigning,” “balancing,” “blocking,”“calculating,” “capturing,” “combining,” “comparing,” “collecting,”“communicating,” “configuring,” “creating,” “debugging,” “defining,”“delivering,” “depicting,” “detecting,” “determining,” “displaying,”“downloading,” “establishing,” “executing,” “forwarding,” “flipping,”“generating,” “grouping,” “hiding,” “identifying,” “initiating,”“instantiating,” “interacting,” “modifying,” “monitoring,” “moving,”“outputting,” “parsing,” “performing,” “placing,” “presenting,”“processing,” “programming,” “providing,” “provisioning,” “querying,”“removing,” “rendering,” “repeating,” “resuming,” “sampling,”“simulating,” “sorting,” “storing,” “subtracting,” “suspending,”“tracking,” “transcoding,” “transforming,” “unblocking,” “using,” or thelike, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similarelectronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms datarepresented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computersystem's registers and memories into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within the computer system memories or registers orother such information storage, transmission or display devices.

Embodiments of the Invention

FIG. 1 shows exemplary system 100 for creating, using and monitoringusage of a cloud computing environment in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, intermediary component 110may be used to create, use and monitor usage of a cloud computingenvironment (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2) which includes one or more computingresources of a cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or one ormore computing resources of a data center (e.g., 150). Each cloudprovider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) may include respective computingresources such as a processing resource (e.g., 122, 132, 142, etc.), astorage resource (e.g., 124, 134, 144, etc.), other computing resources(e.g., 126, 136, 146, etc.), etc. Additionally, data center 150 mayinclude a processing resource (e.g., 152), a storage resource (e.g.,154), other computing resources (e.g., 156), etc. In one embodiment,computing resources of a cloud provider may be remote or externalcomputing resources (e.g., located separately from or owned by adifferent entity than other components of system 100), while computingresources of a data center (e.g., 150) may be internal computingresources (e.g., located together with or owned by the same entity asusers 160-180, at least one managing user 190, data center 150,intermediary component 110, some combination thereof, etc.).

In one embodiment, the at least one other computing resource of a cloudprovider (e.g., 126, 136, 146, etc.) and/or the at least one othercomputing resource of a data center (e.g., 156) may include at least onenetwork resource (e.g., a static IP address, etc.), at least oneoperating system, at least one software application, at least onesoftware application configuration (e.g., for configuring a softwareapplication to perform a particular function such as configuring abrowser to navigate to a particular page when launched, etc.), or somecombination thereof. The at least one other computing resource of acloud provider (e.g., 126, 136, 146, etc.) and/or the other computingresources of a data center (e.g., 156) may include state data (e.g., forimplementing a particular state of a software application, an operatingsystem, etc.). And in one embodiment, the at least one other computingresource of a cloud provider (e.g., 126, 136, 146, etc.) and/or theother computing resources of a data center (e.g., 156) may includeanother type of data (e.g., a file system including files or documentsaccessed by a user of the cloud computing environment, a database,etc.).

Provisioning component 112 may be used to provision a plurality ofcomputing resources across at least one cloud provider and/or at leastone data center (e.g., in accordance with step 310 of FIG. 3 and asdescribed with respect to FIGS. 4 through 12 and FIG. 15 herein). Forexample, at least one managing user (e.g., 190) may interact with agraphical user interface (e.g., GUI 195) to provision computingresources and set up a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200) with atleast one virtual machine image (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) for use byone or more users (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190, etc.). Provisioningcomponent 112 may automatically access one or more scripts forautomatically allocating the computing resources requested using GUI 195on the appropriate cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/ordata center (e.g., 150). In one embodiment, GUI 195 may be displayedusing a web browser, where data used to display GUI 195 may be accessedand/or generated by provisioning component 112 and communicated over theinternet to at least one managing user 190. Accordingly, a user mayautomatically provision computing resources across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center (e.g., using GUI 195) using ageneric GUI without skills or credentials specific to the at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center.

In one embodiment, the at least one cloud provider and/or at least onedata center which computing resources are provisioned across (e.g.,using provisioning component 112) may utilize at least two differenttechnologies or virtual machine representations for implementing one ormore virtual machines. For example, cloud provider 120 may utilize avirtual machine representation from VMWare to provide computingresources for the cloud computing environment (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2),while cloud provider 130 may utilize an open source virtual machinerepresentation such as Xen to provide computing resources for the cloudcomputing environment (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2). Accordingly, computingresources may be automatically provisioned across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center (e.g., using GUI 195) whichutilize at least two different technologies or virtual machinerepresentations for implementing a virtual machine.

Turning to FIG. 2, each virtual machine of environment 200 may includecomputing resources from at least one cloud provider, at least one datacenter, or some combination thereof. For example, virtual machine 210includes processing resource 122 from cloud provider 120, storageresource 144 from cloud provider 140, and at least one other computingresource 136 from cloud provider 130, whereas virtual machine 220includes processing resource 142 from cloud provider 140, storageresource 154 from data, center 150, and at least one other computingresource 156 from data center 150. As another example, virtual machine230 includes computing resources (e.g., processing resource 132, storageresource 134, and at least one other computing resource 136) from thesame cloud provider (e.g., 130).

The virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) of environment 200 mayperform different functions. For example, environment 200 may implementa web server by provisioning virtual machine 210 to implement a webportal, provisioning virtual machine 220 to implement a middle tier, andprovisioning virtual machine 230 to implement a database. Alternatively,the virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) of environment 200 mayperform the same function to implement batch processing, parallelprocessing, etc. In other embodiments, the virtual machines ofenvironment 200 may perform different functions and/or implementdifferent types of components.

Additionally, in one embodiment, one or more of the virtual machines(e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) of environment 200 may be pre-configuredvirtual machines. For example, one or more of the virtual machines(e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) of environment 200 may include an imagewhich is pre-loaded with software, settings, etc. As another example,one or more of the virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) ofenvironment 200 may include a storage medium with a pre-loaded data set.As yet another example, one or more of the virtual machines (e.g., 210,220, 230, etc.) of environment 200 may include appropriate networkconfigurations.

Turning back to FIG. 1, user account management component 114 may beused to assign a permission level to one or more users governing accessto the provisioned computing resources (e.g., in accordance with step320 of FIG. 3 and as described with respect to FIGS. 13 and 14). Forexample, at least one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) may be associatedwith environment 200 using component 114. Additionally, component 114may be used to determine and assign a user profile (e.g., correspondingto a particular permission level) to each user, thereby enabling one ormore managing users (e.g., 190 using GUI 195) to define which operations(e.g., creation, deletion, updating, usage, etc.) a user may perform ona component (e.g., an image, an instance, a file system, storage, astatic IP address, etc.) associated with the provisioned computingresources (e.g., of environment 200). In one embodiment, an “image” asused herein may be a data representation of at least one computingresource (e.g., one or more virtual machines, one or more processingresources, one or more storage resources, one or more network resources,etc.), whereas an “instance” as used herein may be a version of an imagethat is running on a cloud provider and/or data center (e.g., whichconsumes computing resources and results in a charge). Accordingly, therights of one or more users with respect to one or more provisionedcomputing resources may be assigned, limited or expanded using a GUI(e.g., 195).

Access component 116 may be used to provide at least one user access tothe provisioned computing resources (e.g., in accordance with step 330of FIG. 3 and as described with respect to FIGS. 16 to 23B herein). Inone embodiment, access component 116 may regulate an authenticateduser's access to the provisioned computing resources based upon apermission level assigned to the user (e.g., assigned using user accountmanagement component 114). For example, a user (e.g., 160) with a higherpermission level may be provided access (e.g., via GUI 165 incommunication with access component 116 of intermediary component 110)to a larger number of provisioned computing resources (e.g., computingresources corresponding to a plurality of virtual machines of a cloudcomputing environment), while a user (e.g., 170) with a lower permissionlevel may be provided access (e.g., via GUI 175 in communication withaccess component 116 of intermediary component 110) to a smaller numberof provisioned computing resources (e.g., computing resourcescorresponding to only one virtual machine of a cloud computingenvironment).

Additionally, access component 116 may be used to broker access for aplurality of users to an account held with a cloud provider and/or datacenter (e.g., acting as a proxy between the users and at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center). In this manner, the cloudprovider and/or data center may “see” the intermediary component as theonly user of the account, and therefore, may be unaware of the multipleusers. Accordingly, multiple users may share the provisioned computingresources even where the computing resources are provisioned on a cloudprovider or data center which allows only one user per account.

Each user or group of users may be provided access to the provisionedcomputing resources using a respective GUI (e.g., GUI 165, 175, 185,etc.), where each of the respective GUIs enables logging into aninstance (e.g., associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloudcomputing environment), launching and/or configuring of an instance(e.g., associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloud computingenvironment), saving (e.g., rebundling, creating a snapshot of, etc.) animage (e.g., associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloudcomputing environment), reversion to a previously-saved image (e.g.,associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloud computingenvironment), restarting of an instance (e.g., associated with one ormore virtual machines of a cloud computing environment), sharing of aninstance (e.g., associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloudcomputing environment), deleting an image (e.g., associated with one ormore virtual machines of a cloud computing environment), creating animage (e.g., associated with one or more virtual machines of a cloudcomputing environment), copying of an image (e.g., associated with oneor more virtual machines of a cloud computing environment), somecombination thereof, etc. Certain users may be provided greater accessto provisioned computing resources than other users (e.g., as determinedby a respective permission level assigned to each user). In oneembodiment, each of the GUIs (e.g., 165, 175, 185, etc.) may bedisplayed using a web browser, where data used to display each GUI maybe accessed and/or generated by access component 116 and communicatedover the internet to each user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 1, usage monitoring component 118 may be used tomonitor usage of the provisioned computing resources (e.g., inaccordance with step 340 of FIG. 3 and as described with respect toFIGS. 24 to 32 herein). For example, usage monitoring component 118 maygenerate usage data for the provisioned computing resources based onevents (e.g., accessed from access component 116, from the cloudproviders, from the data centers, some combination thereof, etc.)associated with the plurality of computing resources. The usage data mayinclude historical data associated with previous usage of the pluralityof computing resources (e.g., usage for previous days, weeks, months,years, etc.). Accordingly, the usage of computing resources, which areprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter, may be monitored. Further, information identifying a user and/orgroup of computing resources associated with each event (e.g.,communicated from provisioning component 112, user account managementcomponent 114, access component 116, some combination thereof, etc.) maybe used to organize the usage data into respective portionscorresponding to each user and/or each group of computing resources(e.g., project, environment, virtual machine, some combination thereof,etc.), thereby enabling the monitoring and/or tracking by user and/or bygroup of computing resources (e.g., one or more projects, one or moreenvironments, one or more virtual machines, some combination thereof,etc.) of the usage of a plurality of computing resources provisionedacross al least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center.

Although FIG. 1 shows system 100 with a specific number of components(e.g., three users, three cloud providers, one data center, etc.), itshould be appreciated that system 100 may include a larger or smallernumber of each type of component in other embodiments. Additionally,although FIG. 1 depicts intermediary component 110 as includingcomponents 112, 114, 116 and 118, it should be appreciated that one ormore of these components may be separated from the others (e.g., accesscomponent 116 may be a separate component from components 112, 114 and118). Further, although FIG. 1 shows each cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130and 140) and data center (e.g., 150) with a specific number and type ofcomputing resources, it should be appreciated that each cloud providerand/or data center may include a different number and/or type ofcomputing resources in other embodiments.

Further, although FIG. 1 depicts specific types and numbers of users(e.g., at least one managing user 190, other users 160-180, etc.), itshould be appreciated that system 100 may include any number and/ortypes of users in other embodiments. For example, system 100 may notinclude a managing user in one embodiment, and thus, one or more of theother users (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) may provision computingresources or otherwise perform functions of at least one managing user190 (e.g., using one or more of their respective GUIs 165, 175, 185,etc.). Accordingly, a GUI (e.g., 165, 175, 185, etc.) of another user(e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) may implement the functions of the managinguser's GUI (e.g., 195) in one embodiment (e.g., where managing user 190is not present in system 100).

Additionally, although FIG. 2 shows environment 200 with 3 virtualmachines (e.g., 210, 220 and 230), it should be appreciated thatenvironment 200 may include a smaller or larger number of virtualmachines in other embodiments. Additionally, although FIG. 2 shows eachvirtual machine with a specific number of computing resources, it shouldbe appreciated that each virtual machine may include a larger or smallernumber of computing resources in other embodiments. Further, althoughFIG. 2 shows each virtual machine with a specific type of computingresources, it should be appreciated that each virtual machine mayinclude a different type of computing resources in other embodiments.For example, in one embodiment, virtual machine 210 may include onlyprocessing resources (e.g., 122) and storage resource (e.g., 144), butnot include any other type of computing resource (e.g., networkresources, software applications, etc.). Alternatively, virtual machine210 may include processing resources and network resources, but notinclude other types of computing resources (e.g., storage resources,software applications, etc.).

Provisioning Computing Resources and User Account Management for a CloudComputing Environment

FIG. 4 shows exemplary provisioning component 112 for provisioning aplurality of computing resources across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 4, provisioning component 112 mayinclude attribute gathering component 410 and orchestration component420, where attribute gathering component 410 may access provisioningattributes 405 and generate provisioning data 415 therefrom.Provisioning attributes 405 may include a plurality of attributesassociated with a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200) such as thenumber of virtual machines, the type of computing resources for eachvirtual machine, the desired cloud provider to implement each computingresource of each virtual machine, etc. Provisioning attributes 405 maybe generated by or generated based on user input to a GUI (e.g., GUI195) for provisioning a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200).Additionally, in one embodiment, provisioning data 415 may be formattedin accordance with XML or another computing language.

Orchestration component 420 may access an appropriate script from scriptdatabase 430 based on provisioning data 415, where the accessed scriptis used to generate provisioning communications 425 to provisioncomputing resources across at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130,140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150). For example, ifprovisioning data 415 includes a request to provision one or morecomputing resources (e.g., a processing resource, a storage resource, anetwork resource, an operating system, a software application, asoftware application configuration, state data, another type of data,some combination thereof, etc.) on a cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130,140, etc.), then orchestration component 420 may access a script (e.g.,431, 432, 433, etc.) corresponding to the cloud provider. Alternatively,if provisioning data 415 includes a request to provision one or morecomputing resources (e.g., a processing resource, a storage resource, anetwork resource, an operating system, a software application, asoftware application configuration, state data, another type of data,some combination thereof, etc.) on a data center (e.g., 150), thenorchestration component 420 may access a script (e.g., 435)corresponding to the data center. In one embodiment, each script withinscript database 430 may correspond to a different cloud provider (e.g.,120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or a different data center (e.g., 150).

Accordingly, in accordance with step 310 of FIG. 3, computing resources(e.g., at least one processing resource, at least one storage resource,at least one network resource, at least one operating system, at leastone software application, at least one software applicationconfiguration, state data, another type of data, some combinationthereof, etc.) can be automatically provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center based upon user input toa GUI (e.g., 195) using provisioning component 112. Since the GUI (e.g.,195) is generic to the at least one cloud provider and/or at least onedata center and since the automated provisioning utilizes scriptsspecific to a cloud provider and/or data center, a user need not haveskills or credentials specific to each cloud provider and/or datacenter.

In one embodiment, the scripts (e.g., 431, 432, 433, etc.) within scriptdatabase 430 may be associated with at least two different technologiesor virtual machine representations for implementing one or more virtualmachines. For example, script 431 may be used to provision computingresources on a cloud provider or data center which utilizes a firstvirtual machine representation, while script 432 may be used toprovision computing resources on a cloud provider or data center whichutilizes a second virtual machine representation. Accordingly, thescripts (e.g., 431, 432, 433, etc.) within script database 430 may beused automatically provision computing resources across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center (e.g., using GUI 195)which utilize at least two different technologies or virtual machinerepresentations for implementing a virtual machine.

Although FIG. 4 shows a specific number of scripts within scriptdatabase 430, it should be appreciated that script database 430 mayinclude a larger or smaller number of scripts in other embodiments.Additionally, it should be appreciated that script database 430 mayinclude different types of scripts (e.g., scripts for only cloudproviders, scripts for only data centers, a different number of scriptsfor cloud providers and data centers, etc.) in other embodiments.

FIGS. 5 through 12 show exemplary on-screen GUIs for provisioning forprovisioning a plurality of computing resources across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center. One or more of the GUIsdepicted in FIGS. 5 through 12 may be generated by a provisioningcomponent (e.g., 112) and used to implement a GUI (e.g., 195) of atleast one managing user (e.g., 190) in one embodiment. Additionally, itshould be appreciated that one or more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 5through 12 may be part of the same user interface or part of at leastone different user interface. Further, one or more of the GUIs depictedin FIGS. 5 through 12 may be part of a user interface which also enablesassignment of a permission level to one or more users governing accessto computing resources provisioned across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 13 and14), access to computing resources provisioned across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS.16 to 238), monitoring of usage of computing resources provisionedacross at least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center(e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 24 to 32), or some combination thereof.

FIG. 5 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 500 forselecting a cloud computing environment to create or modify inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 5, interaction with element 510 may enable a user to create a newproject or cloud computing environment (e.g., 200). Alternatively,interaction with element 520 may enable a user to select an existingproject or cloud computing environment (e.g., listed in region 530) tomodify. In one embodiment, interaction with a portion of GUI 500 (e.g.,element 510, element 520, region 530, etc.) may cause GUI 600 of FIG. 6to be automatically displayed.

FIG. 6 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 600 forselecting a cloud computing environment to create or modify inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 6, region 610 enables a user to enter information about a newproject or cloud computing environment or change previously-enteredinformation about an existing project or cloud computing environment.Region 620 enables a user to select optional services for theenvironment. For example, interaction with element 622 may enable a userto select support services such as one-on-one support via the web,one-on-one support via telephone, support available during specifichours of the day, support available during all hours of the day, etc.Interaction with element 624 may enable a user to select budget trackingoptions for the project or environment such as setting limits on thespending for an environment (e.g., on a month-to-month basis, on aday-to-day basis, etc.), configuring the tracking of spending for anenvironment, etc. In one embodiment, interaction with a portion of GUI600 (e.g., an element of region 610, element 622, element 624, etc.) maycause GUI 700 (e.g., of FIG. 7, FIG. 8A and FIG. 9) to be automaticallydisplayed.

FIGS. 7, 8A and 9 show exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 700for configuring a cloud computing environment in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, element 712 ofregion 710 enables a user to specify a number of users for theenvironment. Elements 714 enable a user to select attributes of theenvironment. For example, each of elements 714 may be associated with adifferent application for the environment.

As shown in FIG. 8A, region 820 enables a user to define or configurevirtual machines for the cloud computing environment. For example,interaction with element 821 may enable a user to define attributesassociated with a first virtual machine, where the attributes mayinclude a number of instances of the virtual machine, a location ofcomputing resources of the virtual machine (e.g., on a particular cloudprovider, on a particular data center, etc.), a function to be performedby the virtual machine, a program or application associated with thevirtual machine, etc. Similarly, interaction with elements 822-825 mayenable a user to define attributes associated with other virtualmachines. Region 826 shows costs (e.g., initial set-up cost, per-hourcost, estimated per-month cost, etc.) for each respective virtualmachine. Additionally, region 827 enables a user to add additionalvirtual machines and configure the additional virtual machines (e.g., todefine attributes for the additional virtual machines similar to virtualmachines 821-825).

FIG. 8B shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 860 whichincludes a graphical representation of an environment for configuring acloud computing environment in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 8B, each icon or element (e.g.,861-865) may be associated with a different set of computing resourcesof a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200). In one embodiment, eachelement (e.g., 861, 862, etc.) may be associated with a differentvirtual machine (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) of a cloud computingenvironment (e.g., 200). Interaction with an element (e.g., 861, 862,etc.) may enable a user to define and/or configure the computingresources associated with selected element. Additionally, GUI 860 maydisplay connections (e.g., element 866) between two or more elements(e.g., 861 and 864), thereby enabling a user to define and/or configureconnections between the computing resources represented by the elements(e.g., 861, 862, etc.). In this manner, a user may define and/orconfigure a cloud computing environment using a graphical representationof the environment.

In one embodiment, a user interaction with an element of GUI 860 (e.g.,moving a cursor over an element and pushing a button on a mouse) mayinitiate the display of information (e.g., in a pop-up window, aseparate region of GUI 860, etc.) for configuration by a user. Forexample, interaction with an element of GUI 860 may enable a user todefine attributes associated with a virtual machine, where theattributes may include a number of instances of the virtual machine, alocation of computing resources of the virtual machine (e.g., on aparticular cloud provider, on a particular data center, etc.), afunction to be performed by the virtual machine, a program orapplication associated with the virtual machine, etc. GUI 860 may alsoenable a user to add virtual machines, re-purpose virtual machines(e.g., to perform a different function, etc.), delete virtual machines,or otherwise configure the environment.

As shown in FIG. 8B, each element (e.g., 861, 862, etc.) of GUI 860 maycorrespond to a respective element of region 820 of GUI 700 (e.g., asshown in FIG. 8A). For example, element 861 may correspond to element821, element 862 may correspond to element 822, element 863 maycorrespond to element 823, element 864 may correspond to element 824 andelement 865 may correspond to element 825. As such, in one embodiment,GUI 860 may be used to convey the same information and/or enable thesame configuration of the environment as region 820 of GUI 700.

In one embodiment, GUI 860 may be displayed together with region 820 ofGUI 700. Alternatively, GUI 860 may be displayed in lieu of region 820of GUI 700.

Turning back to FIG. 8A, region 830 enables a user to define orconfigure other computing resources for the environment. For example, auser may define attributes associated with one or more storage resources(e.g., of the one or more of the virtual machines configured usingregion 820, GUI 860, etc.), where the attributes may include a number ofinstances of each storage resource, a location of each storage resource(e.g., on a particular cloud provider, on a particular data center,etc.), a size or capacity for each storage resource, etc. As anotherexample, a user may define attributes associated with one or more filesystems (e.g., of the one or more of the virtual machines configuredusing region 820, GUI 860, etc.), where the attributes may include anumber of instances of each file system, a location of each file system(e.g., on a particular cloud provider, on a particular data center,etc.), a size or capacity for each file system, etc. Additionally,region 835 shows costs (e.g., initial set-up cost, per-hour cost,estimated per-month cost, etc.) for each respective computing resourcedefined or configured using region 830.

In one embodiment, the information displayed in GUI 700 (e.g., region820, region 830, etc.) and/or GUI 860 may be based on one or more of theattributes defined by a user using region 710 as shown in FIG. 7. Forexample, if a user specifies that 5 users will be assigned to aparticular project or environment (e.g., using element 712), GUI 700(e.g., region 820, region 830, etc.) and/or GUI 860 may be used toautomatically display or suggest provisioning of computing resources(e.g., at least one processing resource, at least one storage resource,at least one network resource, at least one operating system, at leastone software application, at least one software applicationconfiguration, state data, another type of data, some combinationthereof, etc.) capable of implementing 5 separate workstations. Asanother example, if a user specifies that an environment is to be usedas a test environment (e.g., using one or more of elements 714), GUI 700(e.g., region 820, region 830, etc.) and/or GUI 860 may be used toautomatically display or suggest provisioning of computing resources(e.g., at least one processing resource, at least one storage resource,at least one network resource, at least one operating system, at leastone software application, at least one software applicationconfiguration, state data, another type of data, some combinationthereof, etc.) capable of implementing a test environment. The suggestedtypes of computing resources (e.g., processing resources, storageresources, network resources, operating systems, software applications,software application configurations, state data, another type of data,etc.) and/or locations of the computing resources (e.g., allocated on aparticular cloud provider, a particular data center, etc.) may be basedon a preferred sourcing arrangement and/or a best practice in oneembodiment. Accordingly, GUI 700 and/or GUI 860 may enable moreefficient provisioning of an environment by automatically suggesting atleast one computing resources and/or at least one cloud provider basedupon at least one user-defined attribute of the environment (e.g.,entered using GUI 700, GUI 860, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 9, region 940 of GUI 700 enables a user to configure orspecify options associated with the environment. For example, a user mayconfigure options associated with the backup of the environment (e.g.,by selecting or interacting with element 941), rebundling or creating asnapshot of the environment (e.g., by selecting or interacting withelement 942), archiving of the environment (e.g., by selecting orinteracting with element 943), refreshing of the environment (e.g., byselecting or interacting with element 944), deletion of the environment(e.g., by selecting or interacting with element 945), patching of theenvironment (e.g., by selecting or interacting with element 946),performing data migration with respect to the environment (e.g., byselecting or interacting with element 947), etc.

In one embodiment, interaction with any of the elements of region 940(e.g., 941-947) may cause an automated display of GUI 1000 of FIG. 10.FIG. 10 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1000 forconfiguring options associated with a cloud computing environment inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 10, region 1010 may be used to specify a virtual machine or imagefor backup, schedule the frequency of backup, schedule the timeframe forbackups (e.g., during the first month of the project, for the durationof the project, etc.), define a start and/or end of the project, etc.Region 1020 may be used to define which image or virtual machine is tobe saved (e.g., rebundled, creation of a snapshot of, etc.), where thesaved image is to be stored, etc. Region 1030 may be used to configurewhich image or virtual machine is to be refreshed or restored (e.g., byselecting a location, by selecting a rebundled image or snapshot, etc.).

Additionally, region 1040 may be used to delete an environment.

Turning back to FIG. 9, region 950 of GUI 700 displays the total costfor the environment if provisioned in accordance with the userselections made in other regions of GUI 700 (e.g., region 710, 820, 830and 940). Additionally, interaction with element 955 of region 950 mayinitiate a checkout a process and/or initiate an automated display ofGUI 11 (e.g., of FIGS. 11 and 12) in one embodiment.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1100for reviewing a configuration of and initiating automated provisioningof a cloud computing environment in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown in FIG. 11, region 1110 includes asummary of basic information associated with the environment (e.g.,entered in region 610 of GUI 600). Region 1120 includes a summary ofuser-defined attributes associated with the environment (e.g., enteredin region 710 of GUI 700). Additionally, region 1130 includes a summaryof a configuration of computing resources for the environment (e.g.,entered in region 820 of GUI 700, GUI 860, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 12, region 1240 includes a summary of a configurationof storage resources for the environment (e.g., entered in region 830 ofGUI 700). Region 1250 includes a summary of a configuration of optionsfor the environment (e.g., entered in region 820 of GUI 700, GUI 860,etc.). Additionally, region 1260 includes a summary of the total costfor the environment if provisioned in accordance with the userselections made in other regions of GUI 700 (e.g., region 710, 820, 830and 940), GUI 860, etc. Further, in one embodiment, interaction withelement 1255 of region 1250 may initiate a purchase and/or automatedprovisioning of the cloud computing environment in accordance with theinformation summarized using GUI 1100 and/or entered using GUI 500, GUI600, GUI 700, GUI 860, or some combination thereof. As such, computingresources can be automatically provisioned without requiring a user tohave skills or credentials specific to each cloud provider and/or datacenter.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show exemplary on-screen GUIs for assigning a permissionlevel to one or more users governing access to computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter. One or more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14 may begenerated by a user account management component (e.g., 114) and used toimplement a GUI (e.g., 195) of at least one managing user (e.g., 190) inone embodiment. Additionally, it should be appreciated that one or moreof the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14 may be part of the same userinterface or part of at least one different user interface. Further, oneor more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 13 and 14 may be part of a userinterface which also enables provisioning of computing resources acrossat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center (e.g., inaccordance with FIGS. 5 through 12), access to computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 16 to 23B), monitoring of usageof computing resources provisioned across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 24 to32), or some combination thereof.

FIG. 13 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1300 forassociating a user with a cloud computing environment in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, region1310 enables creation of a user to be associated with a cloud computingenvironment (e.g., 200, an environment provisioned using a GUI depictedin one or more of FIGS. 5 through 12, etc.), while region 1320 enables auser profile to be associated with the user (e.g., created using region1310). In one embodiment, each profile may be associated with aparticular bundle of rights enabling access to computing resources ofthe provisioned cloud computing environment. For example, a “projectmanager” profile (e.g., associated with element 1322) may provide a usermore access rights than a “developer” profile (e.g., associated withelement 1324) or a “tester” profile (e.g., associated with element1326). In one embodiment, the access rights associated with a userprofile may enable a user to create a component, delete a component,update a component, use a component, or perform another operation withrespect to a component of an environment (e.g., 200).

Region 1330 enables information associated with a user (e.g., createdusing region 1310, 1320, etc.) to be updated. For example, region 1330may be used to change the name of a user, change the profile associatedwith a user, etc. Additionally, interaction with element 1340 may deletea user (e.g., created using region 1310, 1320, etc.).

FIG. 14 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1400 forconfiguring access rights associated with a user profile in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14,region 1410 enables selection of a user profile. Additionally, region1420 enables configuration of the access rights (e.g., to computingresources of a cloud computing environment) associated with the userprofile (e.g., selected using region 1410).

In one embodiment, each region of regions 1430 may correspond to adifferent component (e.g., an image, an instance, a file system,storage, a static IP address, etc.) associated with provisionedcomputing resources of a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200), whereeach region of regions 1430 includes a respective subset of elements1440 for associating access rights with the selected user profile (e.g.,selected using region 1410). For example, region 1432 includes elements1442 for associating access rights to one or more images of theenvironment, while region 1434 includes elements 1444 for associatingaccess rights to one or more instances of an image of the environment.Additionally, each column or elements 1440 may be associated with adifferent operation (e.g., creation, deletion, updating, usage, etc.)which a user may perform on a component of the environment. For example,element 1443 may be used to associate usage rights with the selecteduser profile for one or more images of the environment, while element1445 may be used to associate creation rights with the selected userprofile for one or more instances of an image of the environment.

Thus, in accordance with step 320 of FIG. 3, a user may be assigned apermission level governing access to computing resources of a cloudcomputing environment (e.g., 200). In one embodiment, a permission levelmay be assigned to a user by associating a user profile with the user(e.g., using GUI 1300 of FIG. 13) and defining the access rights for theuser profile (e.g., using GUI 1400 of FIG. 14). Alternatively, a usermay be assigned a permission level governing access to computingresources of a cloud computing environment in other ways (e.g., bydirectly assigning access rights to a user without the use of a userprofile, etc.).

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of exemplary process 1500 for provisioning aplurality of computing resources across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 15, step 1510 involves accessing auser selection of at least one computing resource (e.g., processingresource 122, storage resource 124, at least one other computingresource 126, etc.) and of at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130,140, etc.) capable of implementing the at least one computing resource.The at least one computing resource may be capable of implementing avirtual machine (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) within a cloud computingenvironment (e.g., 200) in one embodiment. Additionally, the userselection may be input via a GUI (e.g., 195, 500, 600, 700, 860, 1000,1100, 1300, etc.) which is generic to the plurality of cloud providers,and therefore, does not require skills or credentials specific to anyone cloud provider and/or data center. The GUI may be capable ofautomatically suggesting the plurality of computing resources and/or theplurality of cloud providers based on at least one user-definedattribute (e.g., selected using elements of a GUI such as elements 712and/or 714 of GUI 700, etc.). In one embodiment, the user selectionaccessed in step 1510 may include at least one provisioning attribute(e.g., 405) and be accessed by a provisioning component (e.g., 112) or acomponent thereof (e.g., attribute gathering component 410).

Step 1520 involves accessing at least one script associated with the atleast one cloud provider. In one embodiment, a component (e.g.,orchestration component 420 of provisioning component 112) may accessthe at least one script (e.g., 431, 432, 433, etc.) from a scriptdatabase (e.g., 430), where the at least one script corresponds to theat least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.). The at leastone script (e.g., 431, etc.) may be capable of automatically allocatingthe at least one computing resource (e.g., 122, 124, etc.) on the atleast one cloud provider (e.g., 120, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 15, step 1530 involves automatically allocating, usingthe at least one script, the at least one computing resource on the atleast one cloud provider. In one embodiment, a component (e.g.,orchestration component 420 of provisioning component 112) may generateprovisioning communications (e.g., 425) using the at least one script,where the provisioning communications are communicated to the at leastone cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and used to automaticallyallocate the at least one computing resource (e.g., 122, 124, 132, 134,142, 144, etc.) on the at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140,etc.).

Step 1540 involves accessing a user selection of at least one datacenter (e.g., 150, etc.) capable of implementing at least one computingresource (e.g., processing resource 122, storage resource 124, at leastone other computing resource 126, etc.). The at least one computingresource may be capable of implementing a virtual machine (e.g., 210,220, 230, etc.) within a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200) in oneembodiment. Additionally, the at least one data center may be selectedby a user via a GUI (e.g., 195, 500, 600, 700, 860, 1000, 1100, 1300,etc.). Alternatively, the at least one data center may be automaticallysuggested or displayed by a GUI (e.g., 195, region 820 of GUI 700, 860,etc.) based on user-defined attributes (e.g., selected using elements ofa GUI such as elements 712 and/or 714 of GUI 700, etc.). Further, in oneembodiment, the user selection accessed in step 1540 may include atleast one provisioning attribute (e.g., 405) and be accessed by aprovisioning component (e.g., 112) or a component thereof (e.g.,attribute gathering component 410).

As shown in FIG. 15, step 1550 involves accessing at least one scriptassociated with the at least one cloud provider. In one embodiment, acomponent (e.g., orchestration component 420 of provisioning component112) may access the at least one script (e.g., 435, etc.) from a scriptdatabase (e.g., 430), where the at least one script corresponds to theat least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.). The at least one script(e.g., 435, etc.) may be capable of automatically allocating the atleast one computing resource (e.g., 152, 154, etc.) on the at least onedata center (e.g., 150, etc.).

Step 1560 involves automatically allocating, using the at least onescript, the at least one computing resource on the at least one datacenter. In one embodiment, a component (e.g., orchestration component420 of provisioning component 112) may generate provisioningcommunications (e.g., 425) using the at least one script, where theprovisioning communications are communicated to the at least one datacenter (e.g., 150, etc.) and used to automatically allocate the at leastone computing resource (e.g., 152, 154, etc.) on the at least one datacenter (e.g., 150, etc.).

Providing Access to Computing Resources Provisioned Across at Least OneCloud Provider and/or at Least One Data Center

Turning back to FIG. 1, access component 116 of intermediary component110 may be used to provide at least one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.)access to computing resources (e.g., a processing resource, a storageresource, a network resource, an operating system, a softwareapplication, a software application configuration, state data, anothertype of data, some combination thereof, etc.) provisioned across atleast one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least onedata center (e.g., 150, etc.). Each user may be provided access to theprovisioned computing resources using a respective GUI (e.g., GUI 165,175, 185, etc.), where data used to display each GUI may be accessedand/or generated by access component 116. Additionally, each of the GUIsmay be used to submit authentication data to access component 116,thereby enabling access component 116 to regulate access to theprovisioned computing resources based upon a respective permission levelof each user (e.g., determined using respective authentication data ofeach user) and/or enable multiple authenticated users to share theprovisioned computing resources.

In one embodiment, access may be provided (e.g., using access component116) to computing resources provisioned across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center which utilize at least twodifferent technologies or virtual machine representations forimplementing one or more virtual machines. For example, cloud provider120 may utilize a virtual machine representation from VMWare to providecomputing resources for the cloud computing environment (e.g., 200 ofFIG. 2), while cloud provider 130 may utilize an open source virtualmachine representation such as Xen to provide computing resources forthe cloud computing environment (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2).

FIG. 16 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1600 forsubmitting authentication data in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 16, a user's name can be enteredinto region 1610 and a user's password can be entered into region 1620.The authentication data (e.g., a user's name, password, etc.) enteredusing GUI 1600 may be submitted to access component 116 (e.g., inresponse to an interaction with element 1630), and thereafter used byaccess component 116 to authenticate the user (e.g., 160, 170, 180,etc.). As such, the submitted authentication data (e.g., submitted usingGUI 1600) may be used to regulate access to the provisioned computingresources (e.g., provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/orat least one data center) based upon a respective permission level ofeach user (e.g., determined using respective authentication data of eachuser) and/or enable multiple authenticated users to share theprovisioned computing resources.

FIG. 17 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1700 forenabling a user to select a project in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown in FIG. 17, region 1710 includes aplurality of selectable elements, where each element in region 1710 isassociated with a respective project. In one embodiment, a userinteraction with an element of region 1710 may initiate a display ofinformation associated with a project corresponding to the selectedelement of region 1710 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 18). Additionally, in oneembodiment, GUI 1700 may be displayed in response to a user submissionof authentication data (e.g., using element 1630 of GUI 1600).

The elements displayed in region 1710 may be determined (e.g., by accesscomponent 116) based upon a permission level of a user (e.g., identifiedin region 1720). For example, in response to a user (e.g., identified inregion 1720) submitting authentication data using GUI 1600 to accesscomponent 116, access component 116 may query user account managementcomponent 114 to determine a permission level for the user. Accesscomponent 116 may then determine at least one project associated withthe user based upon the permission level of the user. At least oneelement corresponding to the at least one project associated with theuser may then be displayed in region 1710. In this manner, access toprovisioned computing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center) may be regulated basedupon a permission level of a user.

FIG. 18 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1800 forenabling a user to select provisioned computing resources for access inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The informationpresented using GUI 1800 may be associated with a project selected usingGUI 1700 in one embodiment. Additionally, GUI 1800 may be displayed inresponse to interaction with an element of region 1710 of GUI 1700 inone embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 18, interaction with region 1810 may enable access tocomputing resources for implementing all virtual machines of anenvironment, while interaction with regions 1820, 1830 and 1840 mayenable access to computing resources for implementing individual virtualmachines of an environment. For example, interaction with region 1820may enable access to computing resources for implementing a firstvirtual machine (e.g., 210), interaction with region 1830 may enableaccess to computing resources for implementing a second virtual machine(e.g., 220), and interaction with region 1840 may enable access tocomputing resources for implementing a third virtual machine (e.g.,230). Additionally, interaction with region 1810 may enable access tocomputing resources of the entire environment (e.g., capable ofimplementing the first virtual machine, the second virtual machine andthe third virtual machine). As such, GUI 1800 enables a user to accessprovisioned computing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center) for implementing anentire environment (e.g., all the virtual machines of an environment) ora portion thereof (e.g., one or more individual virtual machines of anenvironment).

In one embodiment, interaction with a region of GUI 1800 (e.g., region1810, region 1820, region 1830, region 1840, etc.) may enable directaccess to computing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center) corresponding to theregion. For example, interaction with region 1810 may launch and/orconfigure computing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center) for implementing allvirtual machines of an environment, while interaction with region 1820may launch and/or configure computing resources (e.g., provisionedacross at least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center) forimplementing one or more individual virtual machines of an environment.

Alternatively, interaction with a region of GUI 1800 (e.g., region 1810,region 1820, region 1830, region 1840, etc.) may enable access tocomputing resources in an indirect manner (e.g., using one or moreadditional GUIs which enable access to computing resources of an entireenvironment or a portion thereof). For example, interaction with region1810 may initiate the display of at least one GUI enabling access tocomputing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center) for implementing all virtualmachines of an environment (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20), whileinteraction with region 1820 may initiate the display of at least oneGUI (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22) enabling access to computingresources (e.g., provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/orat least one data center) for implementing one or more individualvirtual machines of an environment.

As shown in FIG. 18, region 1850 includes at least one selectableelement, where each element of region 1850 may be associated with adifferent environment. Region 1860 displays a currently selectedenvironment (e.g., associated, with the computing resources and/orvirtual machines displayed in regions 1810, 1820, 1830 and 1840). Inthis manner, a user may reconfigure GUI 1800 to display and/or enableaccess to provisioned computing resources of another environment. Forexample, if a new environment is selected using region 1850, interactionwith region 1810 may enable access to computing resources forimplementing all virtual machines of the new environment, whileinteraction with regions 1820, 1830 and 1840 may enable access tocomputing resources for implementing individual virtual machines of thenew environment.

It should be appreciated that other environments (e.g., selectable usingregion 1850) may have a different number and/or type of virtualmachines, and thus, the number of regions and/or the content displayedin each region of GUI 1800 may vary accordingly. For example, if the newenvironment has four virtual machines, then GUI 1800 may be reconfiguredwith an additional region to enable access to computing resources forimplementing the additional virtual machine. As another example, if thenew environment has four virtual machines, then region 1810 of GUI 1800may be reconfigured to enable access to computing resources forimplementing all four virtual machines.

In one embodiment, the environments selectable using region 1850 may bedetermined (e.g., by access component 116) based upon a user permissionlevel (e.g., assigned using user account management component 114). Forexample, a larger number of elements associated with a larger number ofenvironments may be displayed in region 1850 for a higher permissionlevel, thereby enabling a user to access computing resources for alarger number of environments using GUI 1800 based upon a permissionlevel of the user. Additionally, the amount or number of computingresources accessible using GUI 1800 may be regulated based upon apermission level of a user (e.g., by displaying a larger number ofvirtual machines in regions 1810-1840 for a higher permission level, bydisplaying a smaller number of virtual machines in regions 1810-1840 fora lower permission level, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 18, region 1870 includes at least one selectableelement, where each element of region 1870 may be associated with adifferent role of a user. Region 1880 displays a currently selected roleof a user (e.g., selected using region 1870). A different number and/ortype of environments may be associated with each role selectable usingregion 1870, and thus, selection of a different role using region 1870may cause a different set of elements associated with a different set ofenvironments (e.g., associated with the role selected using region 1870)to be displayed in region 1850. In this manner, GUI 1800 may bereconfigured to display and/or enable access to provisioned computingresources associated with a particular role of a user (e.g., selectedusing region 1870).

In one embodiment, the roles selectable using region 1870 may bedetermined (e.g., by access component 116) based upon a user permissionlevel (e.g., assigned using user account management component 114). Forexample, a larger number of elements associated with a larger number ofroles may be displayed in region 1870 for a higher permission level,thereby enabling a user to access computing resources for a largernumber of roles using GUI 1800 based upon a permission level of theuser.

FIG. 19 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 1900 forenabling a user to access provisioned computing resources associatedwith an environment in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. GUI 1900 may be displayed in response to a user interactionwith region 1810 of GUI 1800 in one embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 19, may enable a user to login to one or more instancesof an environment or “environment instances.” For example, interactionwith element 1910 may display a graphical user interface which enables auser to input authentication data (e.g., a username, password, etc.),where the authentication data may be specific to the one or moreenvironment instances. In one embodiment, the authentication data inputusing element 1910 may be different from the authentication data enteredusing GUI 1600.

Interaction with element 1920 may initiate launching and/or configuringof one or more environment instances (e.g., logged into using element1910). For example, the computing resources of an environment (e.g.,200), which are provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or atleast one data center, may be launched and/or configured (e.g., by theat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center) toimplement one or more virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.) ofthe environment.

As shown in FIG. 19, interaction with element 1930 may initiate savingof one or more images of one or more environment instances (e.g.,launched using element 1920). For example, element 1930 may be used torebundle one or more environment instances in one embodiment.Alternatively, element 1930 may be used to create a snapshot of one ormore environment instances which may include saving volatile data forthe environment.

Interaction with element 1940 may initiate a reversion to one or morepreviously-saved images of one or more environment instances (e.g.,saved using element 1930). For example, computing resources (e.g.,provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter) associated with one or more previously-saved images of one ormore environment instances may be launched and/or configured responsiveto an interaction with element 1930.

As shown in FIG. 19, interaction with element 1950 may initiate arestart of one or more environment instances (e.g., originally launchedusing element 1920). Interaction with element 1960 may initiate sharingof one or more environment instances. The one or more environmentinstances may be shared with another user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190,etc.) in one embodiment.

Interaction with element 1970 may initiate a deletion of one or moreimages of one or more environment instances. Additionally, interactionwith element 1980 may initiate a creation of one or more new images ofone or more environment instances, whereas interaction with element 1990may initiate a copy of one or more images of one or more environmentinstances. Interaction with element 1995 may initiate a stopping orending of one or more environment instances.

FIG. 20 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2000 fordisplaying information about provisioned computing resources associatedwith an environment in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. GUI 2000 may be displayed in response to a user interactionwith region 1810 of GUI 1800 in one embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 20, a user may view information about the environmentand/or about the provisioned computing resources which implement theenvironment. For example, GUI 2000 may display a description of theenvironment and a list of which images or virtual machines (e.g., 210,220, 230, etc.) make up the environment (e.g., 200). GUI 2000 may alsodisplay the user who created the environment and/or the date and/or timeof the creation of the environment. Additionally, GUI 2000 may displaythe date and/or time of the last modification to the environment.Further, GUI 2000 may display other information about the environment inother embodiments.

FIG. 21 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2100 forenabling a user to access provisioned computing resources associatedwith a portion of an environment in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. In one embodiment, GUI 2100 may be displayed inresponse to a user interaction with region 1820 of GUI 1800, region 1830of GUI 1800, region 1840 of GUI 1800, or some combination thereof.

As shown in FIG. 21, may enable a user to login to an instance (e.g.,associated with a portion of an environment). For example, interactionwith element 2110 may display a graphical user interface which enables auser to input authentication data (e.g., a username, password, etc.),where the authentication data may be specific to the instance. In oneembodiment, the authentication data input using element 2110 may bedifferent from the authentication data entered using GUI 1600.

Interaction with element 2120 may initiate launching and/or configuringof an instance (e.g., associated with a portion of an environment). Forexample, the computing resources associated with a virtual machine(e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.), which are provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center, may be launched and/orconfigured (e.g., by the at least one cloud provider and/or at least onedata center) to implement the virtual machine.

As shown in FIG. 21, interaction with element 2130 may initiate savingan image of an instance (e.g., associated with a portion of anenvironment). For example, element 2130 may be used to rebundle aninstance in one embodiment. Alternatively, element 2130 may be used tocreate a snapshot of an instance which may include saving volatile datafor one or more virtual machines.

Interaction with element 2140 may initiate a reversion to apreviously-saved image of an instance (e.g., saved using element 2130).For example, computing resources (e.g., provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center) associated with apreviously-saved image of an instance (e.g., associated with a portionof an environment) may be launched and/or configured responsive to aninteraction with element 2140.

As shown in FIG. 21, interaction with element 2150 may initiate arestart of an instance (e.g., originally launched using element 2120).Interaction with element 2160 may initiate sharing of an instance (e.g.,associated with a portion of an environment). The instance may be sharedwith another user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190, etc.) in one embodiment.

Interaction with element 2170 may initiate a deletion of an image of aninstance (e.g., associated with a portion of an environment).Additionally, interaction with element 2180 may initiate a creation of anew image of an instance (e.g., associated with a portion of anenvironment), whereas interaction with element 2190 may initiate a copyof an image of an instance (e.g., associated with a portion of anenvironment). Interaction with element 2195 may initiate a stopping orending of an instance (e.g., associated with a portion of anenvironment).

FIG. 22 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2200 fordisplaying information about provisioned computing resources associatedwith a portion of an environment in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. In one embodiment, GUI 2200 may be displayed inresponse to a user interaction with region 1820 of GUI 1800, region 1830of GUI 1800, region 1840 of GUI 1800, or some combination thereof.

As shown in FIG. 22, a user may view information about an image and/orabout the provisioned computing resources which implement the image. Forexample, GUI 2200 may display a name and description of the image. GUI2200 may also display identification information for a user that createdor deployed the image.

GUI 2200 may display information about the status of the image. Forexample, GUI 2200 may indicate whether the image is launching, running,shutting down, terminated, etc. GUI 2200 may also indicate whether ornot the image is allocated, a date and/or time of the allocation of theimage, a date and/or time of the last rebuild of the image, etc. And inother embodiments, GUI 2200 may display other information about theimage.

One or more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 16 through 22 may be generatedby an access component (e.g., 116) and used to implement a GUI (e.g.,165, 175, 185, etc.) of at least one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) inone embodiment. Additionally, it should be appreciated that one or moreof the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 16 through 22 may be part of the same userinterface or part of at least one different user interface. Further, oneor more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 16 through 22 may be part of auser interface which also enables provisioning of computing resourcesacross at least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center(e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 5 through 12), enables assignment of apermission level to one or more users governing access to computingresources provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at leastone data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 13 and 14), monitoringof usage of computing resources provisioned across at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS.24 to 32), or some combination thereof.

FIGS. 23A and 23B show a flowchart of exemplary process 2300 forproviding access to a plurality of computing resources provisionedacross at least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 23A, step 2310 involves accessing authentication data associatedwith at least one user. The authentication data may include a name of auser (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190, etc.), a password of a user (e.g., 160,170, 180, 190, etc.), etc. The authentication data may be input using aGUI (e.g., 1600 of FIG. 16). And in one embodiment, the authenticationdata may be accessed by a component (e.g., access component 116 ofintermediary component 110) situated between at least one user (e.g.,160, 170, 180, 190, etc.) and at least one entity (e.g., a cloudprovider, data center, etc.) providing a cloud computing resource.

Step 2320 involves determining a plurality of computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter based on a permission level assigned to the at least one user(e.g., associated with the authentication data accessed in step 2310).For example, a user may be identified based on the authentication data(e.g., by access component 116), where the identification of the user isused to determine a permission level for the user (e.g., assigned byuser account management component 114). The permission level associatedwith the user may then be used (e.g., by access component 116) todetermine the plurality of computing resources (e.g., provisioned acrossat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center) which theuser is allowed to access based upon the permission level. In oneembodiment, a lookup table may be indexed (e.g., by access component116) using the permission level to determine the plurality of computingresources.

The plurality of computing resources determined in step 2330 may beassociated with a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200) in oneembodiment. For example, the plurality of computing resources may becapable of implementing a single virtual machine (e.g., 210) or aplurality of virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, etc.). Alternatively, theplurality of computing resources may be computing resources capable ofimplementing all virtual machines of an environment (e.g., virtualmachines 210, 220 and 230 of environment 200, etc.). In one embodiment,the plurality of computing resources may be associated with an imageand/or an instance of an image. And in one embodiment, the plurality ofcomputing resources may include at least one processing resource, atleast one storage resource, at least one network resource, at least oneoperating system, at least one software application, at least onesoftware application configuration, state data, another type of data,some combination thereof, etc.

As shown in FIG. 23A, step 2325 involves displaying the plurality ofcomputing resources (e.g., determined in step 2320). The plurality ofcomputing resources may be displayed using a GUI (e.g., 1800 of FIG.18).

Step 2330 involves accessing a user selection of the plurality ofcomputing resources. The user selection may be input via a GUI (e.g.,165, 175, 185, 195, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, etc.). In oneembodiment, the user selection may include a user interaction with aregion of a GUI which is associated with computing resources forimplementing an entire environment (e.g., region 1810 of GUI 1800).Alternatively, the user selection may include a user interaction with aregion of a GUI which is associated with computing resources forimplementing a portion of an environment (e.g., region 1820 of GUI 1800,region 1830 of GUI 1800, region 1840 of GUI 1800, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 23A, step 2340 involves communicating a request to theat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center to launchthe plurality of computing resources. Step 2340 may be performed inresponse to step 2330 in one embodiment. Additionally, the request maybe communicated from an intermediary component (e.g., 110, accesscomponent 116 of intermediary component 110, etc.) to the at least onecloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one datacenter (e.g., 150, etc.).

Step 2350 involves communicating a request to the at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center to configure the plurality ofcomputing resources. Step 2340 may be performed in response to step 2330in one embodiment. Additionally, the request may be communicated from anintermediary component (e.g., 110, access component 116 of intermediarycomponent 110, etc.) to the at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130,140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 23A, step 2360 involves providing access for the atleast one user to the plurality of computing resources. Access to theplurality of computing resources may be provided via a GUI (e.g., 165,175, 185, 195, etc.) in one embodiment.

Additionally, step 2360 may involve brokering access for the at leastone user to an account held with a particular cloud provider and/or aparticular data center. For example, an intermediary component (e.g.,access component 116 of intermediary component 110) may be used tobroker access for multiple users (e.g., 160, 170, 180, 190, etc.) to anaccount held with a cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or adata center (e.g., 150, etc.), thereby acting as a proxy between themultiple users and the cloud provider and/or data center. In thismanner, the cloud provider and/or data center may “see” the intermediarycomponent as the only user of the account, and therefore, may be unawareof the multiple users. Accordingly, the intermediary component (e.g.,110) may enable multiple users to share the provisioned computingresources even where the computing resources are provisioned on a cloudprovider or data center which allows only one user per account.

As shown in FIG. 23B, step 2370 involves accessing a user request forinformation about the plurality of computing resources. The user requestmay be input via a GUI (e.g., 165, 175, 185, 195, 1800, 1900, 2000,2100, 2200, etc.) in one embodiment.

Step 2375 involves displaying the information about the plurality ofcomputing resources. The information about the plurality of computingresources may be displayed using a GUI (e.g., 165, 175, 185, 195, 1800,1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, etc.) in one embodiment. Additionally, theinformation (e.g., requested in step 2370, displayed in step 2375, etc.)may include information about an environment (e.g., a description of theenvironment, a list of images or virtual machines which make up theenvironment, the user who created the environment, the date and/or timeof the creation of the environment, the date and/or time of the lastmodification to the environment, other information about theenvironment, etc.) and/or an image (e.g., a name of the image, adescription of the image, identification information for a user thatcreated or deployed the image, information about the status of theimage, whether or not the image is allocated, a date and/or time of theallocation of the image, a date and/or time of the last rebuild of theimage, other information about the image, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 23B, step 2380 involves accessing a user selection ofan operation associated with the plurality of computing resources. Theuser selection of the operation may be input via a GUI (e.g., 165, 175,185, 195, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, etc.) In one embodiment.Additionally, the operation selected in step 2380 may include saving animage, reversion to a previously-saved image, restarting of an instance,restarting of an image, sharing of an instance, sharing of an image,deleting an image, creating an image, copying of an image, somecombination thereof, etc.

Step 2390 involves communicating a request to the at least one cloudprovider and/or at least one data center to perform the operation (e.g.,associated with the user selection of step 2380) with respect to theplurality of computing resources. Step 2390 may be performed in responseto step 2380 in one embodiment. Additionally, the request may becommunicated from an intermediary component (e.g., 110, access component116 of intermediary component 110, etc.) to the at least one cloudprovider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center(e.g., 150, etc.).

Monitoring Usage of Computing Resources Provisioned Across at Least OneCloud Provider and/or at Least One Data Center

Turning back to FIG. 1, usage monitoring component 118 of intermediarycomponent 110 may be used to monitor usage of computing resources (e.g.,a processing resource, a storage resource, a network resource, anoperating system, a software application, a software applicationconfiguration, state data, another type of data, some combinationthereof, etc.) provisioned across at least one cloud provider (e.g.,120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.).In one embodiment, usage monitoring component 118 may monitor access byat least one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) to the provisionedcomputing resources which is provided by another component (e.g., accesscomponent 116) of intermediary component 110. Usage monitoring component118 may monitor access to the provisioned computing resources by atleast one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) as defined by accountmanagement component 114. And in one embodiment, usage monitoringcomponent 118 may monitor access to the computing resources which areprovisioned using provisioning component 112.

In one embodiment, usage monitoring component 118 may be used to monitoraccess (e.g., provided using access component 116) to computingresources provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at leastone data center which utilize at least two different technologies orvirtual machine representations for implementing one or more virtualmachines. For example, cloud provider 120 may utilize a virtual machinerepresentation from VMWare to provide computing resources for the cloudcomputing environment (e.g., 200 of FIG. 2), while cloud provider 130may utilize an open source virtual machine representation such as Xen toprovide computing resources for the cloud computing environment (e.g.,200 of FIG. 2).

FIG. 24 shows exemplary usage monitoring component 118 in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 24, usagemonitoring component 118 includes event processor 2410 and usageinformation database 2420, where usage information database 2420 may beused by event processor 2410 to keep track of the usage of computingresources provisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at leastone data center. For example, event processor 2410 may update usageinformation database 2420 based on one or more events, where the eventsmay include a cloud provider event (e.g., 2411), a data center event(e.g., 2412), a user-initiated event (e.g., 2413), some combinationthereof, etc. Usage information may be accessed from usage informationdatabase 2420 by event processor 2410 and processed to generate usagedata (e.g., 2418), where the usage data (e.g., 2418) may be output fromusage monitoring component 118 for display (e.g., using a GUI such asGUI 165, 175, 185, 195, etc.). In this manner, usage of computingresources provisioned across at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120,130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.) may bemonitored and/or tracked.

A cloud provider event (e.g., 2411) may be any event occurring at orotherwise communicated from a cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140,etc.), while a data center event (e.g., 2412) may be any event occurringat or otherwise communicated from a data center (e.g., 150, etc.). Inone embodiment, a cloud provider event (e.g., 2411) and/or data centerevent (e.g., 2412) may be a change in status (e.g., booting, running,shutting down, terminated, etc.) of one or more provisioned computingresources. Additionally, a user-initiated event (e.g., 2413) may includeany interaction of a user (e.g., 160, 170, 180, etc.) with a userinterface (e.g., GUI 165, 175, 185, etc.) which is associated withaccessing the provisioned computing resources. For example, auser-initiated event (e.g., 2413) may include a request to start one ormore provisioned computing resources, a request to stop one or moreprovisioned computing resources, etc.

FIG. 25A shows exemplary usage information database 2420 in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention, while FIG. 25B showsexemplary timeline 2500 which includes events used to update usageinformation database 2420 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 25A, usage information may beorganized within usage information database 2420 as records (e.g., 2510,2520, 2530, etc.). Each record may correspond to and be updated (e.g.,by event processor 2410) in response to one or more respective events(e.g., as shown on timeline 2500). For example, events 2511 through 2516may correspond to and be used to update record 2510, events 2521 through2523 may correspond to and be used to update record 2520, and events2531 through 2532 may correspond to and be used to update record 2530.

Each record within usage information database 2420 may include varioustypes of information. For example, the usage data may include anidentification of and/or a function performed by the provisionedcomputing resources associated with a record (e.g., “workstation” asindicated by the “Image” field of record 2510), a user associated with arecord (e.g., “Teresa” as indicated by the “User” field of record 2510),a group of computing resources associated with a record (e.g., “Group A”as indicated by the “Group” field of record 2510), or some combinationthereof. Additionally, the usage data may include an identification of astart time for the provisioned computing resources associated with arecord (e.g., “May 23, 2009 9:00 AM” as indicated by the “Start” fieldof record 2510), an end time for the provisioned computing resourcesassociated with a record (e.g., “May 23, 2009 11:00 AM” as indicated bythe “End” field of record 2510), a usage quantity for the provisionedcomputing resources associated with a record (e.g., “2 Hours” asindicated by the “Usage” field of record 2510), some combinationthereof, etc. Further, the usage data may include a status for theprovisioned computing resources associated with a record (e.g.,“Terminated” as indicated by the “Status” field of record 2510).

In one embodiment, the information within usage information database2420 may be updated (e.g., by event processor 2410) in response toand/or based on events (e.g., included in timeline 2500) related tousage of the provisioned computing resources. For example, a record(e.g., 2510) may be created within usage information database 2420 inresponse to a corresponding start request (e.g., 2511). The start timefor the provisioned computing resources associated with a record (e.g.,“May 23, 2009 9:00 AM” as indicated by the “Start” field of record 2510)may be updated in response to and/or based on a time associated with thecorresponding start request (e.g., 2511), a time associated with thecorresponding booting status update (e.g., 2512), a time associated withthe corresponding running status update (e.g., 2513), etc. Additionally,the end time for the provisioned computing resources associated with arecord (e.g., “May 23, 2009 11:00 AM” as indicated by the “End” field ofrecord 2510) may be updated in response to and/or based on a timeassociated with the corresponding stop request (e.g., 2514), a timeassociated with the corresponding shutting down status update (e.g.,2515), a time associated with the corresponding terminated status update(e.g., 2516), etc. And in one embodiment, the start time and/or end timemay be used to update the usage quantity for the provisioned computingresources associated with a record (e.g., “2 Hours” as indicated by the“Usage” field of record 2510). For example, the difference between thestart time and end time may be determined (e.g., by event processor2410) and used to update the usage quantity.

As another example, the status for the provisioned computing resourcesassociated with a record (e.g., “Terminated” as indicated by the“Status” field of record 2510) may be updated in response to and/orbased on a type of status update event accessed or detected. Forexample, if a booting status update (e.g., 2532) is detected, then thestatus for the provisioned, computing resources associated with a recordmay be changed to “Booting” (e.g., as shown in the “Status” field ofrecord 2530). If a running status update (e.g., 2513) is detected, thenthe status for the provisioned computing resources associated with arecord may be changed to “Running” (e.g., as shown in the “Status” fieldof record 2520). If a shutting down status update (e.g., 2515) isdetected, then the status for the provisioned computing resourcesassociated with a record may be changed to “Shutting Down.” If aterminated status update (e.g., 2516) is detected, then the status forthe provisioned computing resources associated with a record may bechanged to “Terminated” (e.g., as shown in the “Status” field of record2510). In this manner, records in usage information database 2420 may bekept up-to-date to more accurately reflect the status of provisionedcomputing resources at any given time.

In one embodiment, the information within usage information database2420 may be updated (e.g., by event processor 2410) in real-time. Eventprocessor 2410 may access events (e.g., 2411, 2412, 2413, etc.) inreal-time and dynamically update usage information database 2420. Inthis manner, usage monitoring component 118 may perform dynamic orreal-time monitoring and/or tracking of usage of computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140,etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 258, start requests (e.g., 2511, 2521, 2531, etc.) andstop requests (e.g., 2514) may be user-initiated events (e.g., 2413).For example, a start request may be initiated by a user interaction withelement 1920 of GUI 1900, element 2120 of GUI 2100, etc. Alternatively,a stop request may be initiated by a user interaction with element 1995of GUI 1900, element 2195 of GUI 2100, etc.

Timeline 2500 may also include status update events which refer to thestatus of the provisioned computing resources at any given time, whereeach status update event may be a cloud provider event (e.g., 2411) or adata center event (e.g., 2412). For example, the computing resources maybe booting (e.g., as indicated by booting status updates 2512, 2522 and2532), running (e.g., as indicated by running status updates 2513 and2523), shutting down (e.g., as indicated by shutting down status update2515), terminated (e.g., as indicated by terminated status update 2516),etc. In one embodiment, a booting status update (e.g., 2512, 2522, 2532,etc.) may occur after a start request (e.g., 2511, 2521, 2531, etc.)since the provisioned computing resources may be booted in response to arequest to start the provisioned computing resources. Additionally, ashutting down status update (e.g., 2515, etc.) may occur after a stoprequest (e.g., 2514, etc.) since the provisioned computing resources maybe shut down in response to a request to stop the provisioned computingresources.

Turning back to FIG. 24, event processor 2410 may access informationidentifying a user (e.g., user data 2414) and/or group of computingresources (e.g., group data 2415) associated with an event (e.g., cloudprovider event 2411, data center event 2412, user-initiated event 2413,etc.). The group of computing resources identified by group data 2415may include one or more projects, one or more environments (e.g., 200),one or more virtual machines (e.g., 210, 220, 230, etc.), somecombination thereof, etc. The information (e.g., 2414, 2415, etc.) maybe accessed from another component of intermediary component 110 (e.g.,from provisioning component 112, user account management component 114,access component 116, some combination thereof, etc.). In oneembodiment, the data may be used to update usage information database2420. For example, a user associated with a record (e.g., “Teresa” asindicated by the “User” field of record 2510) may be determined usinguser data 2414, while a group of computing resources associated with arecord (e.g., “Group A” as indicated by the “Group” field of record2510) may be determined using group data 2415.

The user data (e.g., 2414) and/or group data (e.g., 2415) may be used tomonitor and/or track usage of computing resources provisioned across atleast one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least onedata center (e.g., 150, etc.) by user and/or by group of computingresources (e.g., one or more projects, one or more environments, one ormore virtual machines, some combination thereof, etc.). For example, theuser data (e.g., 2414) may be used to organize the usage data (e.g.,2418) into respective portions corresponding to each user, therebyenabling monitoring and/or tracking of usage by user (e.g., as discussedwith respect to FIG. 26). As another example, the group data (e.g.,2415) may be used to organize the usage data (e.g., 2418) intorespective portions corresponding to each group of computing resources(e.g., project, environment, virtual machine, some combination thereof,etc.), thereby enabling monitoring and/or tracking of usage by group ofcomputing resources (e.g., as discussed with respect to FIG. 27).

FIG. 26 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2600 forpresenting usage data monitored and/or tracked by user in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 26,region 2610 includes a plurality of portions of usage data (e.g., 2418),where each portion corresponds to a respective user. For example,portion 2612 represents usage data corresponding to a first user (e.g.,“Teresa”), portion 2614 represents usage data corresponding to a seconduser (e.g., “Owen”), and portion 2616 represents usage datacorresponding to a third user (e.g., “Vipul”). In this manner, region2610 may be used to convey the relative usage of a plurality of users ofcomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.).

In one embodiment, the usage data displayed in region 2610 may beassociated with the group of computing resources (e.g., one or moreprojects, one or more environments, one or more virtual machines, somecombination thereof, etc.) displayed in region 2630 (e.g., “Group A”).The usage data displayed in region 2610 may be associated with theperiod of time displayed in region 2640 (e.g., “May”). As such, in oneembodiment, regions 2630 and/or 2640 may be used to alter the usage datadisplayed in region 2610 by selecting a different group of computingresources (e.g., using region 2630) or a different period of time (e.g.,using region 2640).

As shown in FIG. 26, region 2620 includes budget information associatedwith the usage data displayed in region 2610. For example, region 2620may include a total budget (e.g., for the group of computing resourcesdisplayed in or selected using region 2630), total costs (e.g., based onthe total usage of the provisioned computing resources by all users),and a remaining budget (e.g., determined based on the difference betweenthe total budget and total costs). Alternatively, the informationdisplayed an region 2620 may be related to the period of time displayedin region 2640 (e.g., costs for that period of time, a daily budget forthat period of time, etc.). In this manner, region 2620 may be used toperform budget tracking (e.g., defined or configured using element 624of GUI 600, etc.) for a particular group of computing resources.

In one embodiment, GUI 2600 may be used to display usage data (e.g.,2418) in real-time. As such, the relative size, number, etc. of theportions of usage data displayed in region 2610 of GUI 2600 may bedynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.). Additionally, the budget information displayed in region 2620 maybe dynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.).

As shown in FIG. 26, interaction with element 2650 may enable a user toinitiate a request for usage data. For example, a user interaction withelement 2650 may generate request for usage data 2416 (e.g., shown inFIG. 24) which may be accessed by event processor 2410. Event processor24 may generate usage data 2418 in response thereto for display (e.g.,using GUI 2600, etc.). In this manner, a user may use element 2650 toinitiate an initial display (e.g., using GUI 2600, etc.) of usage data,refresh an existing display of usage data, etc.

Although the usage data in FIG. 26 is represented in units of dollars,it should be appreciated that the usage data may be represented in otherunits (e.g., other currencies, units of time, etc.) in otherembodiments. Additionally, although a pie chart is used to represent theusage data in FIG. 26, it should be appreciated that the usage data maybe alternatively represented in other embodiments. For example, theusage data may be represented using a different type of graph or chart,as numbers in a table, etc.

FIG. 27 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2700 forpresenting usage data monitored and/or tracked by group of computingresources in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Asshown in FIG. 27, region 2710 includes a plurality of portions of usagedata (e.g., 2418), where each portion corresponds to a respective groupof computing resources (e.g., one or more projects, one or moreenvironments, one or more virtual machines, some combination thereof,etc.). For example, portion 2712 represents usage data corresponding toa first group of computing resources (e.g., “Group A”), portion 2714represents usage data corresponding to a second group of computingresources (e.g., “Group B”), and portion 2716 represents usage datacorresponding to a third group of computing resources (e.g., “Group C”).Additionally, portion 2718 represents unused budget (e.g., which may beused by Group A, Group B, Group C, or some other group of computingresources). In this manner, region 2710 may be used to convey therelative usage of a plurality of groups of computing resources which areprovisioned across at least one cloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140,etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150, etc.).

In one embodiment, the usage data displayed in region 2710 may beassociated with the period of time displayed in region 2740 (e.g., themonth of “May”). As such, region 2740 may be used to alter the usagedata displayed in region 2710 by selecting a different period of time.

As shown in FIG. 27, region 2720 includes budget information associatedwith the usage data displayed in region 2710. For example, region 2720may include a total budget (e.g., for all groups of computing resourcesfor which usage data is displayed in region 2710), total costs (e.g.,based on the total usage of the provisioned computing resources of allthe groups of computing resources), and a remaining budget (e.g.,determined based on the difference between the total budget and totalcosts). Alternatively, the information displayed in region 2720 may berelated to the period of time displayed in region 2740 (e.g., costs forthat period of time, a daily budget for that period of time, etc.). Inthis manner, region 2720 may be used to perform budget tracking (e.g.,defined or configured using element 624 of GUI 600, etc.) for aplurality of groups of computing resources.

In one embodiment, GUI 2700 may be used to display usage data (e.g.,2418) in real-time. As such, the relative size, number, etc. of theportions of usage data displayed in region 2710 of GUI 2700 may bedynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.). Additionally, the budget information displayed in region 2720 maybe dynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.).

As shown in FIG. 27, interaction with element 2750 may enable a user toinitiate a request for usage data. For example, a user interaction withelement 2750 may generate request for usage data 2416 (e.g., shown inFIG. 24) which may be accessed by event processor 2410. Event processor24 may generate usage data 2418 in response thereto for display (e.g.,using GUI 2700, etc.). In this manner, a user may use element 2750 toinitiate an initial display (e.g., using GUI 2700, etc.), of usage data,refresh an existing display of usage data, etc.

Although the usage data in FIG. 27 is represented in units of dollars,it should be appreciated that the usage data may be represented in otherunits (e.g., other currencies, units of time, etc.) in otherembodiments. Additionally, although a pie chart is used to represent theusage data in FIG. 27, it should be appreciated that the usage data maybe alternatively represented in other embodiments. For example, theusage data may be represented using a different type of graph or chart,using numbers in a table, etc. As another example, portion 2718 may beomitted and the usage data may reflect only the respective costs foreach group of computing resources.

FIG. 28 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2800 forpresenting usage data for a particular group of computing resources inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 28, region 2810 includes usage data for a particular group ofcomputing resources (e.g., “Group A” as indicated in region 2830). Thegroup of computing resources may include one or more projects, one ormore environments (e.g., 200), one or more virtual machines (e.g., 210,220, 230, etc.), some combination thereof, etc. The usage data displayedin region 2810 may be displayed in response to a user interaction withanother user interface (e.g., portion 2712 of GUI 2700, etc.), a regionof GUI 2800 (e.g., by entering or selecting another group of computingresources using region 2830), etc.

Additionally, the usage day displayed in region 2810 may include usagedata for a particular period of time (e.g., the month of “May” asindicated in region 2840). Region 2840 may be used to enter or selectanother period of time (e.g., another month, a week, a year, etc.),where the usage data displayed in region 2810 may be refreshed todisplay usage data for the new period of time in one embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 28, the usage data displayed in region 2810 may showthe relative usage of computing resources provisioned on at least onecloud provider and at least one data center for a given period of time.For example, first portion 2814 of column 2812 may represent usage ofcomputing resources provisioned on at least one cloud provider for aparticular day (e.g., “5/18”), while second portion 2816 of column 2812may represent usage of computing resources provisioned on at least onedata center for the particular day (e.g., “5/18”). In this manner,region 2810 may be used to monitor and/or compare cloud provider useversus data center use for a particular group of computing resources(e.g., identified in region 2830) during a particular period of time.

Region 2810 may also show a budget limit for a particular period oftime. For example, column 2812 shows a usage of $30 for the day of May18 which exceeds the daily budget limit of $24 as indicated by dashedline 2818. In this manner, region 2810 may be used to perform budgettracking for a particular group of computing resources (e.g., identifiedin region 2830).

As shown in FIG. 28, region 2820 includes budget information associatedwith the usage data displayed in region 2810. For example, region 2820may include a total budget (e.g., for the group of computing resourcesdisplayed in or selected using region 2830), total costs (e.g., based onthe total usage of the provisioned computing resources by all users),and a remaining budget (e.g., determined based on the difference betweenthe total budget and total costs). Alternatively, the informationdisplayed in region 2820 may be related to the period of time displayedin region 2840 (e.g., costs for that period of time, a daily budget forthat period of time, etc.). In this manner, region 2820 may be used toperform budget tracking (e.g., defined or configured using element 624of GUI 600, etc.) for a particular group of computing resources.

In one embodiment, GUI 2800 may be used to display usage data (e.g.,2418) in real-time. As such, the relative size, number, etc. of theportions of usage data displayed in region 2810 of GUI 2800 may bedynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.). Additionally, the budget information displayed in region 2820 maybe dynamically updated to reflect continued or real-time usage of thecomputing resources provisioned across at least one cloud provider(e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one data center (e.g., 150,etc.).

As shown in FIG. 28, interaction with element 2850 may enable a user toinitiate a request for usage data. For example, a user interaction withelement 2850 may generate request for usage data 2416 (e.g., shown inFIG. 24) which may be accessed by event processor 2410. Event processor24 may generate usage data 2418 in response thereto for display (e.g.,using GUI 2800, etc.). In this manner, a user may use element 2850 toinitiate an initial display (e.g., using GUI 2800, etc.) of usage data,refresh an existing display of usage data, etc.

Although the usage data in FIG. 28 is represented in units of dollars,it should be appreciated that the usage data may be represented in otherunits (e.g., other currencies, units of time, etc.) in otherembodiments. Additionally, although a bar graph is used to represent theusage data in FIG. 28, it should be appreciated that the usage data maybe alternatively represented in other embodiments. For example, theusage data may be represented using a different type of graph or chart,using numbers in a table, etc.

FIG. 29 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 2900 forpresenting a notification in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 29, GUI 2900 includes notification2960. In one embodiment, notification 2960 may include a warning to auser (e.g., that a daily budget has been exceeded). In otherembodiments, notification 2960 may include different information, wherethe different information may include text, images, video, etc.

Notification 2960 may be displayed automatically in response todetecting that costs (e.g., associated with one or more users, one ormore groups of computing resources, etc.) has reached a predeterminedthreshold. The predetermined threshold may be, for example, 90% of theallotted budget (e.g., as indicated by dashed line 2818, as indicated byinformation displayed in a region such as region 2620, 2720, 2820, etc.)to provide adequate time for a user to address the situation (e.g.,reduce costs to prevent the costs from exceeding a predefined budgetlimit, reduce costs to limit the amount that costs exceed a predefinedbudget limit, etc.), it should be appreciated that GUI 2900 may be partof another GUI (e.g., 2600, 2700, 2800, etc.), and thus, notification2960 may be displayed simultaneously with information (e.g., usage data,etc.) of the other GUI. Notification 2960 may overlap informationdisplayed using another GUI in one embodiment. And in one embodiment,notification 2960 and/or GUI 2900 may be displayed in a separate windowfrom another GUI (e.g., 2600, 2700, 2800, etc.), where the windowincluding notification 2960 may be displayed alongside of, overlapping,etc., the window or windows including the other GUI (e.g., 2600, 2700,2800, etc.).

FIG. 30A shows exemplary usage information database 2420 with historicaldata in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, whileFIG. 30B shows exemplary timeline 3000 which includes events used togenerate the historical data in usage information database 2420 inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown inFIG. 30A, events 3018 may be used to create and/or update record 3010,events 3028 may be used to create and/or update record 3020, and events3038 may be used to create and/or update record 3030. In one embodiment,records 3010, 3020 and 3030 may each be associated with the samecomputing resources (e.g., used to implement a “Workstation” in “GroupA”), where events 3028 occur before events 3038 and events 3018 occurbefore events 3028. In this manner, some or all of the events oftimeline 3000 (e.g., events 3018, 3028, 3038, etc.) may be associatedwith previous usage of the computing resources (e.g., provisioned acrossat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center), and thus,some or all of the records of usage information database 2040 mayinclude historical data.

Events 3018 may include start request 3011, booting status update 3012,running status update 3013, stop request 3014, shutting down statusupdate 3015, terminated status update 3016, some combination thereof,etc. Events 3028 may include start request 3021, booting status update3022, running status update 3023, stop request 3024, shutting downstatus update 3025, terminated status update 3026, some combinationthereof, etc. Events 3038 may include start request 3031, booting statusupdate 3032, running status update 3033, stop request 3034, shuttingdown status update 3035, terminated status update 3036, some combinationthereof, etc.

In one embodiment, creation and/or updating of records (e.g., 3010,3020, 3030, etc.) in usage information database 2420 of FIG. 30A basedon the events of timeline 3000 of FIG. 30B may be performed analogouslyto the creation and/or updating of records (e.g., 2510, 2520, 2530,etc.) in usage information database 2420 of FIG. 25A based on the eventsof timeline 2500 of FIG. 25B. Additionally, records 3010-3030 of FIG. 30may include similar information to records 2510-2530 of FIG. 25.Further, in one embodiment, timeline 3000 may include similar events totimeline 2500. For example, each of events 3018 of timeline 3000 maycorrespond to a respective event of events 2511-2516 of timeline 2500.

FIG. 31 shows exemplary on-screen graphical user interface 3100 forpresenting usage data including historical data in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 31, region 3110includes a table and region 3120 includes a bar chart, where regions3110 and 3120 each include usage data tracked over a period of time(e.g., three months). The usage data in regions 3110 and 3120 maygenerated based on the information in usage information database 2420(e.g., shown in FIG. 30A), and therefore, the usage data in regions 3110and 3120 may include historical data associated with a previous usage ofcomputing resources.

The data in column 3122 of region 3120 may correspond to the data in row3112 of region 3110. The data in column 3124 of region 3120 maycorrespond to the data in row 3114 of region 3110. Additionally, thedata in column 3126 of region 3120 may correspond to the data in row3116 of region 3110.

As shown in FIG. 31, the usage data may include various types ofhistorical data. For example, the historical data may be represented asa quantity of usage for a particular period of time. For example, column3118 of region 3110 shows a respective usage for each month listed incolumn 3117. Alternatively, the historical data may be represented as achange in usage for one period of time to another. For example, column3119 of region 3110 shows a respective change in usage from one month tothe next (e.g., listed in column 3117). And in other embodiments, thehistorical data may be represented in other forms.

Although the usage data in FIG. 31 is represented in units of time, itshould be appreciated that the usage data may be represented in otherunits (e.g., dollars, other currencies, etc.) in other embodiments.Additionally, although a table and bar chart are used to represent theusage data in FIG. 31, it should be appreciated that the usage data maybe alternatively represented in other embodiments. For example, theusage data may be represented using a different type of graph or chart,a different type of table, etc.

One or more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 26, 27, 28, 29 and 31 may begenerated by an access component (e.g., 116) and used to implement a GUI(e.g., 165, 175, 185, etc.) of at least one user (e.g., 160, 170, 180,etc.) in one embodiment. Additionally, it should be appreciated that oneor more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 26, 27, 28, 29 and 31 may be partof the same user interface or part of at least one different userinterface. Further, one or more of the GUIs depicted in FIGS. 26, 27,28, 29 and 31 may be part of a user interface which also enablesprovisioning of computing resources across at least one cloud providerand/or at least one data center (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 5through 12), enables assignment of a permission level to one or moreusers governing access to computing resources provisioned across atleast one cloud provider and/or at least one data center (e.g., inaccordance with FIGS. 13 and 14), access to computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 16 to 23B), or some combinationthereof.

Additionally, although FIG. 24 shows usage monitoring component 118 witha specific number of components (e.g., one event processor and one usageinformation database), it should be appreciated that usage monitoringcomponent 118 may include a different number of components in otherembodiments. For example, event processor 2410 may be replaced withmultiple components (e.g., one for processing events and one forgenerating usage data). Further, although FIG. 24 depicts usagemonitoring component 118 as accessing certain types of informationand/or events, it should be appreciated that usage monitoring component118 may access different types of information and/or events in otherembodiments.

FIG. 32 shows a flowchart of exemplary process 3200 for monitoring usageof a plurality of computing resources provisioned across at least onecloud provider and/or at least one data center in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 32, step 3210involves accessing a request for usage data. The request for usage datamay be generated in response to a user interaction with a GUI (e.g.,165, 175, 185, 195, 2600, 2700, 2800, etc.). Additionally, the requestfor usage data (e.g., 2416) may be accessed in step 3210 by a componentof usage monitoring component 118 (e.g., event processor 2410).

Step 3220 involves accessing a first plurality of events associated witha usage of a plurality of computing resources. The first plurality ofevents (e.g., shown in FIG. 25B as part of timeline 2500, shown in FIG.30B as part of timeline 3000, etc.) accessed in step 3220 may include atleast event associated with a cloud provider (e.g., cloud provider event2411), at least one event associated with a data center (e.g., datacenter event 2412), at least one user interaction with a graphical userinterface (e.g., user-initiated event 2413), some combination thereof,etc. The first plurality of events may include a request to start theplurality of computing resources (e.g., 2511, 2521, 2531, 3011, 3021,3031, etc.), a request to stop the plurality of computing resources(e.g., 2514, 3014, 3024, 3034, etc.), a status change associated withthe plurality of computing resources (e.g., a booting status update, arunning status update, a shutting down status update, a terminatedstatus update, etc.). Further, the first plurality of events may beaccessed in step 3220 by a component of usage monitoring component 118(e.g., event processor 2410).

As shown in FIG. 32, step 3230 involves accessing a second plurality ofevents associated with a previous usage of the plurality of computingresources. The second plurality of events (e.g., 3021-3026 as shown inFIG. 30B) accessed in step 3230 may occur before the first plurality ofevents (e.g., 3011-3016 as shown in FIG. 30B) accessed in step 3220.Additionally, the second plurality of events (e.g., shown in FIG. 25B aspart of timeline 2500, shown in FIG. 30B as part of timeline 3000, etc.)accessed in step 3230 may include at least event associated with a cloudprovider (e.g., cloud provider event 2411), at least one eventassociated with a data center (e.g., data center event 2412), at leastone user interaction with a graphical user interface (e.g.,user-initiated event 2413), some combination thereof, etc. The secondplurality of events may include a request to start the plurality ofcomputing resources (e.g., 2511, 2521, 2531, 3011, 3021, 3031, etc.), arequest to stop the plurality of computing resources (e.g., 2514, 3014,3024, 3034, etc.), a status change associated with the plurality ofcomputing resources (e.g., a booting status update, a running statusupdate, a shutting down status update, a terminated status update,etc.). Further, the first plurality of events may be accessed in step3230 by a component of usage monitoring component 118 (e.g., eventprocessor 2410).

The plurality of computing resources (e.g., associated with the firstplurality of events accessed in step 3220 and/or the second plurality ofevents accessed in step 3230) may be provisioned across at least onecloud provider (e.g., 120, 130, 140, etc.) and/or at least one datacenter (e.g., 150). The plurality of computing resources (e.g.,associated with the first plurality of events accessed in step 3220and/or the second plurality of events accessed in step 3230) may includeat least one processing resource, at least one storage resource, atleast one network resource, at least one operating system, at least onesoftware application, at least one software application configuration,state data, another type or data, some combination thereof, etc. And inone embodiment, the plurality of computing resources (e.g., associatedwith the first plurality of events accessed in step 3220 and/or thesecond plurality of events accessed in step 3230) may be associated withan image, an instance of an image, a particular virtual machine of acloud computing environment (e.g., 200), a plurality of virtual machinesof a cloud computing environment (e.g., 200), some combination thereof,etc.

As shown in FIG. 32, step 3240 involves comparing the usage (e.g.associated with the first plurality of events accessed in step 3220and/or the second plurality of events accessed in step 3230) to apredetermined usage threshold. The predetermined usage threshold may beset (e.g., using element 624 of GUI 600) during provisioning of theplurality of computing resources in one embodiment. Additionally, thecomparison performed in step 3240 may be performed by a component ofusage monitoring component 118 (e.g., event processor 2410).

Step 3250 involves generating usage data for the plurality of computingresources. In one embodiment, the usage data (e.g., 2418) may begenerated based upon the first plurality of events (e.g., accessed instep 3220). In another embodiment, the usage data (e.g., 2418) may begenerated based upon the second plurality of events (e.g., accessed instep 3230), and therefore, step 3250 may involve generating the usagedata which includes historical data associated with a previous usage orthe plurality of computing resources. In one embodiment, if it isdetermined that the usage is greater than the predetermined usagethreshold in step 3240, step 3250 may involve generating usage datawhich includes a notification (e.g., 2960) of the usage exceeding thepredetermined usage threshold. Additionally, the usage data may begenerated in step 3250 by a component of usage monitoring component 118(e.g., event processor 2410).

As shown in FIG. 32, step 3260 involves displaying the usage data (e.g.,generated in step 3250) using a graphical user interface (e.g., GUI 165,175, 185, 195, 2600, 2700, 2800, etc.). In one embodiment, step 3260 mayinvolve displaying (e.g., using GUI 3100 of FIG. 31) usage data whichincludes historical data (e.g., as generated in step 3250). Step 3260may involve displaying (e.g., using GUI 2900 of FIG. 29) usage datawhich includes a notification (e.g., as generated in step 3250) in oneembodiment.

In one embodiment, the usage data generated in step 3250 and/ordisplayed in step 3260 may be associated with one or more users. Forexample, the first plurality of events (e.g., accessed in step 3220)and/or the second plurality of events (e.g., accessed in step 3230) maybe associated with a plurality of users, where each portion of aplurality of portions of the usage data may correspond to a respectiveuser of the plurality of users (e.g., as shown in FIG. 26). The usagedata may be assigned to or associated with the appropriate user based onuser information associated with each event (e.g., user data 2414).

The usage data generated in step 3250 and/or displayed in step 3260 maybe associated with one or more groups of computing resources. Forexample, the first plurality of events (e.g., accessed in step 3220)and/or the second plurality of events (e.g., accessed in step 3230) maybe associated with a plurality of groups of computing resources, whereeach portion of a plurality of portions of the usage data may correspondto a respective group of computing resources of the plurality of groupsof computing resources (e.g., as shown in FIG. 27). The usage data maybe assigned to or associated with the appropriate group of computingresources based on group information associated with each event (e.g.,group data 2415).

FIG. 33 shows exemplary general purpose computer system platform 3300upon which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. Forexample, computer system 3300 may be used to implement one or morecomponents of system 100 of FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 33, portions of the present invention are comprised ofcomputer-readable and computer-executable instructions that reside, forexample, in computer system platform 3300 and which may be used as apart of a general purpose computer network (not shown). It isappreciated that computer system platform 3300 of FIG. 33 is merelyexemplary. As such, the present invention can operate within a number ofdifferent systems including, but not limited to, general-purposecomputer systems, embedded computer systems, laptop computer systems,hand-held computer systems, portable computer systems, and stand-alonecomputer systems, for instance.

In one embodiment, depicted by dashed lines 3330, computer systemplatform 3300 may comprise at least one processor 3310 and at least onememory 3320. Processor 3310 may comprise a central processing unit (CPU)or other type of processor. Depending on the configuration and/or typeof computer system environment, memory 3320 may comprise volatile memory(e.g., RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM, flash memory, etc.), orsome combination of the two. Additionally, memory 3320 may be removable,non-removable, etc.

In other embodiments, computer system platform 3300 may compriseadditional storage (e.g., removable storage 3340, non-removable storage3345, etc.). Removable storage 3340 and/or non-removable storage 3345may comprise volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or any combinationthereof. Additionally, removable storage 3340 and/or non-removablestorage 3345 may comprise CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or otheroptical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store information for access by computer system platform3300.

As shown in FIG. 33, computer system platform 3300 may communicate withother systems, components, or devices via communication interface 3370.Communication interface 3370 may embody computer readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal (e.g., a carrier wave) or other transport mechanism. By way ofexample, and not limitation, communication interface 3370 may couple towired media (e.g., a wired network, direct-wired connection, etc.)and/or wireless media (e.g., a wireless network, a wireless connectionutilizing acoustic, RF, infrared, or other wireless signaling, etc.).

Input component 3380 may include any component for enabling a user,system, etc. to provide an input to system 3300. For example, inputcomponent 3380 may include a keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device(e.g., microphone), touch input device (e.g., touchscreen), visual inputdevice (e.g., optical sensor, camera, etc.), accelerometer, proximitysensor, some combination thereof, etc.

As shown in FIG. 33, output component 3390 may include any component forenabling system 3300 to provide an output to a user, system, etc. Forexample, output component 3390 may include a display device (e.g., LCD,LED, OLED, plasma, CRT, etc.), speaker, printer, some combinationthereof, etc.

Graphics processor 3350 may perform graphics processing operations ongraphical data stored in frame buffer 3360 or another memory (e.g.,3320, 3340, 3345, etc.) of computer system platform 3300. Graphical datastored in frame buffer 3360 may be accessed, processed, and/or modifiedby components (e.g., graphics processor 3350, processor 3310, etc.) ofcomputer system platform 3300 and/or components of othersystems/devices. Additionally, the graphical data may be accessed (e.g.,by graphics processor 3350) and displayed on an output device coupled tocomputer system platform 3300. Accordingly, memory 3320, removablestorage 3340, non-removable storage 3345, frame buffer 3360, or acombination thereof, may comprise instructions that when executed on aprocessor (e.g., 3310, 3350, etc.) implement a method of provisioning aplurality of computing resources (e.g., in accordance with process 300of FIG. 3, process 1500 of FIG. 15, etc.), a method of assigning apermission level to a user (e.g., in accordance with process 300 of FIG.3, etc.), a method of accessing computing resources provisioned acrossat least one cloud provider and/or at least one data center (e.g., inaccordance with process 300 of FIG. 3, process 2300 of FIG. 23A and/orFIG. 23B, etc.), a method of monitoring usage of computing resourcesprovisioned across at least one cloud provider and/or at least one datacenter (e.g., in accordance with FIGS. 24 to 32), some combinationthereof, etc.

In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have beendescribed with reference to numerous specific details that may vary fromimplementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusive indicatorof what is, and is intended by the applicant to be, the invention is theset of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form inwhich such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. Hence, nolimitation, element, property, feature, advantage, or attribute that isnot expressly recited in a claim should limit the scope of such claim inany way. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regardedin an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a communication interfaceoperable to: receive a cloud-computing resource request arising from agraphical user interface defined by the system; and receive resource usedata from multiple different cloud-computing platforms; hardwareprocessing circuitry coupled to the communication interface andconfigured to: receive the cloud-computing resource request, thecloud-computing resource request specifying a particular computingresource and a particular user; and responsive to the cloud-computingresource request: obtain the resource use data, the resource use datafor the particular user and for instances of the particular computingresource provisioned at the multiple different cloud-computingplatforms; create a resource group including the instances of theparticular computing resource provisioned at the multiple differentcloud-computing platforms; generate, from the resource use data, agraphical representation of the resource use data for the particularuser and for the resource group; communicate the graphicalrepresentation of the resource use data for the particular user and forthe resource group, through the communication interface; determine, fromthe resource use data, whether a resource utilization of any first onethe instances in the resource group has resulted in a resourceutilization threshold being exceeded; and after the resource utilizationthreshold is exceed, automatically generate a resource notification atthe graphical user interface for the particular user for simultaneousdisplay with the graphical representation of the resource use data forparticular user and for the instances of the particular computingresource, the resource notification applicable to at least a second oneof the instances in the resource group provisioned on a different cloudcomputing platform than the first one of the instances.
 2. The system ofclaim 1, where: the instances comprise virtual machine instancesprovisioned to the multiple different cloud-computing platforms.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, where: the instances comprise function instancesexecuted by virtual machines provisioned to the multiple differentcloud-computing platforms.
 4. The system of claim 1, where: the resourceuse data comprises resource start data, a resource stop data, or both.5. The system of claim 1, where: the resource group comprises apre-defined project.
 6. The system of claim 1, where: the resource groupcomprises a pre-defined environment.
 7. A system comprising: acommunication interface; and hardware processing circuitry coupled tothe communication interface and configured to: identify a resource user;determine computing resources assigned to the resource user; determinemultiple different resource providers that host the computing resourcesfor the resource user; create a resource group including the computingresources; receive, through the communication interface, a resourceselection of a particular resource among the computing resources;obtain, from the resource providers through the communication interface,resource use data for the particular resource of the resource group forthe resource user; generate, from the resource use data, a resource anduser-specific output representation of the resource use data for theparticular resource provisioned across the multiple different resourceproviders; communicate the resource and user-specific outputrepresentation through the communication interface; determine, from theresource use data, whether a resource utilization of a specific resourceof the resource group for the resource user has caused the resourcegroup to reach a resource utilization threshold, the specific resourcehosted by a different resource provider than the particular resource;and after the resource utilization threshold is reached for the resourcegroup based on the resource utilization of the specific resource,automatically generate a resource notification graphical user interfaceapplicable to the particular resource for simultaneous display with theresource and user-specific output representation of the resource usedata for the particular resource provisioned across the multipledifferent resource providers.
 8. The system of claim 7, where: theresource providers comprise cloud-computing resource providers.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, where: the resource use data comprises use events forthe particular resource.
 10. The system of claim 8, where: the computingresources assigned to the resource user comprise virtual machinesassigned to the resource user.
 11. The system of claim 8, where: thecomputing resources assigned to the resource user comprise virtualfunctions assigned to the resource user.
 12. The system of claim 8,where: the computing resources comprise computing resources hostedwithin a particular region supported by the resource providers.
 13. Thesystem of claim 8, where: resource and user-specific outputrepresentation comprises a graphical user interface representation. 14.A product comprising: a machine-readable medium other than a transitorysignal; and instructions stored on the machine-readable medium, theinstructions configured to, when executed cause a machine to: at acommunication interface: receive a cloud-computing resource requestarising from a graphical user interface; and receive resource use datafrom multiple different cloud-computing platforms; at hardwareprocessing circuitry coupled to the communication interface: receive thecloud-computing resource request, the cloud-computing resource requestspecifying a particular computing resource and a particular user; andresponsive to the cloud-computing resource request: obtain the resourceuse data, the resource use data for the particular user and forinstances of the particular computing resource provisioned at themultiple different cloud-computing platforms; create a resource groupincluding the instances of the particular computing resource provisionedat the multiple different cloud-computing platforms; generate, from theresource use data, a graphical representation of the resource use datafor the particular user and for the resource group; communicate thegraphical representation of the resource use data for the particularuser and for the resource group, through the communication interface;determine, from the resource use data, whether a resource utilization ofany first one the instances in the resource group has resulted in aresource utilization threshold being exceeded; and after the resourceutilization threshold is exceed, automatically generate a resourcenotification at the graphical user interface for the particular user forsimultaneous display with the graphical representation of the resourceuse data for particular user and for the instances of the particularcomputing resource, the resource notification applicable to at least asecond one of the instances in the resource group provisioned on adifferent cloud computing platform than the first one of the instances.15. The product of claim 14, where: the instances comprise virtualmachine instances provisioned to the multiple different cloud-computingplatforms.
 16. The product of claim 14, where: the instances comprisefunction instances executed by virtual machines provisioned to themultiple different cloud-computing platforms.
 17. The product of claim14, where: the resource use data comprises resource start data, aresource stop data, or both.
 18. The product of claim 17, where: theresource group comprises a pre-defined project.
 19. The product of claim17, where: the resource group comprises a pre-defined environment.